Criminal justice issues Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal equity issues - Annotated Bibliography Example Criminologists accept this is a solid indicator of criminal results in youth. Early instructive encounters, the negative naming impact by instructors and friends in school, has been sited as having direct associations with later criminal conduct. A few examinations have distinguished a friend impact on misconduct, where the companion bunch impacts singular cooperation in reprobate conduct, which impacts the later beginning of wrongdoing. While doing inadequately in school may introduce different components, surely the response from educators and peers and the debilitation or consolation by people with great influence directly affects the manner in which the understudy understands oneself. This has been found to have current cultural as well as sweeping life outcomes too. Then again, positive marking at an early age and proceeded with positive help by friends and guardians and other power figures has a gigantic impact in the further avoidance of brutality and other criminally related conduct. . Compactly put, marking hypothesis takes a gander at varying naming sources and explicit connections after some time and makes an endeavor to anticipate the beginning of freak conduct in adolescents. Adolescents are routinely barraged with various prompts and signals regarding how they are being seen by others. Through the demonstration of job taking and other characterizing circumstances Adams, Robertson, Gray-Ray and Ray accept that adolescents can â€Å"accurately decipher the implications of images and signals used to extend names upon them† (2003, p. 172). This permits a projection of self into the job of a position figure or critical other and permits the young to make a self-evaluation or appraisal through the eyes of another. The very basic reaction, â€Å"I wonder their thought process me,† is a natural hold back to every one of us. In some sense the self at that point turns into an item

Mending Wall Poetry Analysis Essay

The neighbor continues turning to a similar straightforward contention and purpose of his father’s saying, â€Å"Good wall make great neighbors. † The speaker keeps on staying unconvinced and presses the neighbour’s antiquated difficult professes to be disregarded regardless of his hesitance to be influenced. The piece amazingly is very shortsighted in the manner that the jargon of the sonnet contains no genuine extravagant words, most are short and the larger part can be utilized in transformation in regular day to day existence. There are no refrain breaks, evident completion rhymes or generally speaking rhyme conspire watched either. The redundancy of entire lines is reviewed twice all through the sonnet in any case. â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,† is the initial line of the piece and is rehashed on line thirty-six. This is a reoccurring thought that this divider ought not be up remaining in any case as it is superfluous. Ice says that there is a characteristic power that tears down these dividers as they are unnatural. The reiteration accentuates that it just isolates us from having the option to manufacture last yearning connections from the individuals who might be on the contrary side to that fence. The other replication saw is of the aphorism of the neighbour’s father, â€Å"Good wall make great neighbors. † This expression holds a solid significance to the speaker’s neighbor. By no means, does the man over the divider need to change his durable manufactured custom of his father’s trusty and shrewd knowledge. Ice would prefer the neighbor have an independent mind and for him to get a handle on the chance to accomplish something else instead of keep on â€Å"move in darkness† and let go of the unneeded boundary between that lies between them. One translation is that Frost could be attempting to pass on is one of superfluous hindrances and impasses. Reasons not to change their lives, not to frame new companionships or create and assemble significantly more grounded ones. The title Mending Wall could mean anything besides fixing the fence between the two squares of land yet allude rather to the wrecked relationship that exists between two individuals.

Easy Topics For Essay Writing

Easy Topics For Essay WritingThe easiest ways to write an essay are easier than you might think and some of them are very simple. You should keep in mind that while easy topics for essay writing can be found, they won't necessarily be what you're looking for.If you want to write an essay on a subject that is outside of your field of expertise then there are plenty of different topics for you to choose from. You'll find that some of the easiest topics for essay writing involve topics that other people are already writing about. However, you should always keep in mind that people's own unique experiences are a lot more interesting and help you get a better idea of the real world that you are dealing with.One of the easiest easy topics for essay writing is a theme. A theme is a story that you use to guide your thoughts through your paper. You might have a general idea of the plot of the story and just need to know how to structure it. Or you might need to have more direction but aren't quite sure how to go about it.You can choose a topic based on your own needs and abilities. Once you start thinking about the theme of your paper, you'll find that it's easy to know exactly where to start writing. You'll also find that you don't need to do much research to make sure that you know everything that you need to know. All you really need to do is narrow down your ideas and build on them as you see fit.There are three types of themes that you can use to help with your paper. These are sub-themes, sub-character and main theme. Each one of these has a specific order for them. Sub-themes are centered around something related to the character you're writing about, while sub-characters have a connection to them. Main themes usually center around the main characters of the story.You can choose any one of these themes to help you tell the story you're working on. If you have a love story that involves two characters you can choose a sub-theme to help your story flow. Likewise, i f you have a topic that deals with the conflict between two people then you can use a sub-theme to explain that conflict and make it seem more logical.When you choose to write about your experiences, you can use either of these topics or just keep it as a sub-character if you'd like. You can use sub-character themes when you want to look at other things besides your experiences. For example, if you had to train to become a chef then you can look at the story of how you were trained to become a chef and what type of a chef you are.Easy topics for essay writing are always in abundance because so many people are very particular about their opinions. This is why it's so important to be creative and utilize the ideas you have to make sure that your paper doesn't fall flat.

Fiscal Policy in the 1960s and 1970s

By the 1960s, policy-makers seemed wedded to Keynesian theories. But in retrospect, most Americans agree, the government then made a series of mistakes in the economic policy arena that eventually led to a reexamination of fiscal policy. After enacting a tax cut in 1964 to stimulate economic growth and reduce unemployment, President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) and Congress launched a series of expensive domestic spending programs designed to alleviate poverty. Johnson also increased military spending to pay for American involvement in the Vietnam War. These large government programs, combined with strong consumer spending, pushed the demand for goods and services beyond what the economy could produce. Wages and prices started rising. Soon, rising wages and prices fed each other in an ever-rising cycle. Such an overall increase in prices is known as inflation. Keynes had argued that during such periods of excess demand, the government should reduce spending or raise taxes to avert inflation. But anti-inflation fiscal policies are difficult to sell politically, and the government resisted shifting to them. Then, in the early 1970s, the nation was hit by a sharp rise in the international oil and food prices. This posed an acute dilemma for policy-makers. The conventional anti-inflation strategy would be to restrain demand by cutting federal spending or raising taxes. But this would have drained income from an economy already suffering from higher oil prices. The result would have been a sharp rise in unemployment. If policy-makers chose to counter the loss of income caused by rising oil prices, however, they would have had to increase spending or cut taxes. Since neither policy could increase the supply of oil or food, however, boosting demand without changing supply would merely mean higher prices. The President Carter Era President Jimmy Carter (1976 - 1980) sought to resolve the dilemma with a two-pronged strategy. He geared fiscal policy toward fighting unemployment, allowing the federal deficit to swell and establishing countercyclical jobs programs for the unemployed. To fight inflation, he established a program of voluntary wage and price controls. Neither element of this strategy worked well. By the end of the 1970s, the nation suffered both high unemployment and high inflation. While many Americans saw this stagflation as evidence that Keynesian economics did not work, another factor further reduced the governments ability to use fiscal policy to manage the economy. Deficits now seemed to be a permanent part of the fiscal scene. Deficits had emerged as a concern during the stagnant 1970s. Then, in the 1980s, they grew further as President Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) pursued a program of tax cuts and increased military spending. By 1986, the deficit had swelled to $221,000 million, or more than 22 percent of total federal spending. Now, even if the government wanted to pursue spending or tax policies to bolster demand, the deficit made such a strategy unthinkable. Note This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

World War 2 - 910 Words

2/15/12 DBQ: World War II The Road to War During the early 1920 s many people thought that peace had finally been reached. However, in the late 1920 s and throughout the 1930 s, they realized that they were wrong. Dictators came into power in countries that were displeased with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan wanted power, so they took aggressive action that not even The League of Nations could stop. British Prime Minister Chamberlain thought that the best way to deal with Hitler was by following a policy of appeasement, but not everybody agreed with him. That is why the causes of World War II vary depending on different perspectives. Many countries became involved in World War II in 1939 because†¦show more content†¦(Document 8) William Shirer stated that the Munich Agreement allowed Hitler to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia (Document 4). Even though the Europeans were happy not to have to go to war, Shirer felt that this was only a temporary solution, and that War would be avoided for only a short time (Document 4). When World War I ended, Germany had signed a treaty known as the Treaty of Versailles which provided large fines that Germany had to pay and certain restrictions that Germany had to follow. Hitler defied the terms of the Treaty by sending his troops into the Rhineland, which was a demilitarized zone (Document 3). According to Hitler, since the Rhineland was once part of Germany, it should be again (Document 3). France disagreed with Hitler and would only negotiate with him if he withdrew the German troops from the Rhineland (Document 3). Furthermore, if Hitler refused to do so, Fra nce was willing to use force, if necessary (Document 3) Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, believed that Germany would continue to attack and conquer land and the people who lived there, regardless of location – and wouldn t stop until they were the most powerful. That is why Selassie believed that the League of Nations should stop the aggressors (Document 2). Unfortunately, the League of Nations refused to get involved, which allowed Germany toShow MoreRelatedThe World Of World War 21383 Words   |  6 Pages World War 2 was one of the most catastrophic events in human history. With millions dying in very few years, the destruction has left a scar on nations that is still visible in the present day. One of the most terrifying nations back during the days of war was Japan. Their culture promoted war, fighting, and being as ruthless as possible, causing them to be an extreme threat to world peace. The military looked into ancient myths about the Japanese, and the Emperor in particular, as they were saidRead MoreWorld War 2 : A Global War1579 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War 2 was a global war from 1939 to 1945 between the Allies and the Axis powers. During the war, over 120,000 American prisoners of war were captured by the German forces. World War 2 started through the bomb in Hiroshima on August 6th 1945. Around 8,000 people died because of radioactive from the bomb. The German prison camps were for mostly Jews since Hitler, the Chancellor of Germany, was against the Jewish religion.The internment camps were in very harsh conditions and many prisoners wereRead MoreWorld War 2 : The Good War1097 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War 2 was known as the good war. The fight for democracy was a big deal to president Franklin and it was a very well fought war. America throughout the war learns to overcome things and start to become more accepting. The war helps unite both blacks and whites to a fight for the same goal. We get our revenge of the bombing at Pea rl Harbor, we work with a very brutal dictator, and we tried to stay neutral for as long as we could. For example in doc 1 the president is advised to stay out of theRead MoreWorld War 2 Paper1057 Words   |  5 PagesCastro, Nazzi 1CA5 I. Introduction For a start, there’s disagreement on when the war started and two common dates for when it finished. In terms of Europe, Russia generally holds that the Great Patriotic War began on June 22nd 1941 with Operation Barbarossa (the German invasion of Russia) while Western Europe uses September 1st 1939, the German invasion of Poland. Both use the date of Germany s unconditional surrender as the end in Europe, but the Western Allies accepted theRead MoreWomen in World War 2888 Words   |  3 Pagesto help the war effort. It was 1941 and the United States finally entered World War II. Most propaganda of the United States encouraged the average women to join the workforce and help with the war effort. With men fighting abroad, it was only necessary for women to start working and leave their normal lives of being a mother and wife. The War Department of the United States emphasized that with women working hard their sons, brothers, and husbands could return quicker (Women at War). Women becameRead MoreDBQ world war 22318 Words   |  10 PagesName_______________________________________ Date____________________________ DBQ 21: Causes of World War II (Adapted from Document-Based Assessment for Global History, Walch Education) Historical Context: Even though the 1920’s began with a favorable outlook for peace, toward the end of the decade and throughout the 1930’s the clouds of war were forming. Dictators arose in countries that were dissatisfied with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan took aggressive actions, and neither the League ofRead MoreThe Events Of World War 22008 Words   |  9 Pages World War 2 was undoubtedly one of the most important events in history not only for what happened throughout the six years of war but also the aftermath of the war. Beyond the casualties and deaths this devastating war would open new doors for technology advancement, medicine innovations and creations also changes in music ,art ,sports and culture. Furthermore back home in the United States the role of women was beginning to shape up during the conflict at the other side of the world . PreviousRead MoreEssay On World War 2787 Words   |  4 PagesHidden Impacts in World War II World War Two ended after much hard work, followed with celebration and joy. But are the reasons we came to victory more than what we think? During the hard times we once faced, many brave women would sacrifice all they had to contribute to the war in some way. Even if it was something as simple as making inspirational posters, it still helped tremendously. In many ways, women who played a part in the war affected it greatly and the bravery they showed set a hugeRead MoreThe Chronology of World War 1 that Lead to World War 2742 Words   |  3 PagesMany who lived to see the horrendous times of World War 2 have used this phrase to achieve both these ends, for it gives them some small comfort to think that there is some grandiose and powerful meaning behind the happening s of this tragedy. However, as nice as it would be to imagine that there was some deeper meaning to it, WWII was a war not very different from other wars; at least, not in how it came to happen. It had similar causes to many wars; peace was attempted in many time-tried fruitlessRead MoreWorld War 2 essay (Canada)1452 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ During the course of the Second World War, Canada evolved into a powerful, resourceful nation that was needed by the Allies. Canada contributed significantly to the Allied war effort during World War II where they fought on land, water and air and assisted indirectly from the home front. On land, they fought in numerous battles and campaigns such as D-Day, Hong Kong, and the Italian campaign. However, they were also strong and resourceful when it came to air and naval forces in battle. But

Decision Making Case Study Essay - 893 Words

Decision Making Case Study Stefanie Parker HCS/514 June 24, 2011 Kendra Slatton Decision Making Case Study The standard definition of decision making is; the process of mapping the likely consequences of decisions, working out the importance of individual factors and choosing the best course of action to take (Definition of decision,). In this case study effective decision making tools will be used to choose the best course of action to take in the scenario. The scenario is; as a manager in a county clinic that provides care to Medicaid clients, your department budget was recently cut by 15%. From a statewide health policy standpoint, given a defined budget constraint what clinical services should be eliminated or†¦show more content†¦Using this tool, I would be able to find evidence of past successes or failures in similar healthcare budget cuts. Research could determine the priorities of the Medicaid community and the care that is the most important to them. Collecting data on efficiency statistics may allow the organization to keep important services by improving process flo ws and reducing waste. Some of the research tools include interviews, academic journals, data warehouses, and the Internet (Rundall et al., 2007). The steps following the research collection, which include evaluating the data and taking action are also very important but are only as valuable as the data used for those steps and tools. Based upon the surveys, interviews, and research done the clinical services that would be eliminated during the budget constraints would be; the community-based weekend and after hour’s clinic for Medicaid patients who do not have a primary care provider as well as putting a cap on the number of Medicaid patients that the clinic will see. The clinic generally is losing money and has been subsidized by other services. The recommendation would be to eliminate the weekend hours, which would reduce our spending at the clinic because of a reduction in staffing. Putting a cap on the number of Medicaid patients that the clinic will see will help with expenses as Medicaid has low reimbursement rates, and the clinic is not receiving enough money back on these patients toShow MoreRelatedDecision Making Case Study1281 Words   |  6 PagesDecision-Making Case Study HCS/514 Decision-Making Case Study The current state of the economy has had a significant impact on health care across the country. Recipients of Medicaid services have especially been hit hard in the health care arena with budget cuts and reduced services. The Maricopa County Clinic is not different when it comes to budget cuts. The department providing outpatient services to Medicaid clients has received a 15% budget cut. 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It will try to show what problems in team likely cause the team in taking a wrong or ineffective decision taking the case of Brigham Young University as a base. This paper would also tryRead MoreDecision Making Case Study Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesDecision Making Case Study HCS/514 Managing in Todays Health Care Organizations Instructor: Darlene Cantu Camille F. Fuller Decision Making Case Study Health care is one of the largest growing industries in the country. Technology and medical advancements attribute to the constant changes in the health care industry. The economy also continues to change, and with the changing economy health care cost continue to rise. Companies across the nation have either closed or moved to other countriesRead MoreCase Study : Ethical Decision Making2110 Words   |  9 Pages Module 1 Assignment 3: Case Study: Ethical Decision Making April Culberson Argosy University Module 1 Assignment 3 Summarized the behavior you consider unethical and unprofessional in the case study. Substantiated the analysis with reasons After reading the case study, it becomes apparent the many questionable behaviors Joe commits while counseling Jill. First is his reaction towards Jill’s confession concerning sexual confusion about being attracted to other women. Joe’s expression (shockedRead MoreManagement: Decision Making and Case Study3581 Words   |  15 PagesFaculty of Business, Economics Accounting Department of Business Studies HELP Bachelor of Business Year 1 (HONS) – HUBBU CASE STUDIES Semester 1, 2011 Subject: MGT 101 Principles of Management Subject Lecturer/ Tutor(s): Puan Norzan Abdullah ANALYZING A CASE STUDY STAGE 1: QUICKLY GO THROUGH THE GENERAL SCENARIO PRESENTED TO GAIN A GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SITUATION. ï‚ · Underline/highlight information which may indicate problems exist STAGE 2: EXAMINE THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY ï‚ · Read theRead MoreEthical Decision-Making: Case Studies648 Words   |  3 PagesDecision point: What would you do? In Scenario 1, I would return the iPod to the schools lost and found or post a notice advertising a found iPod in the school newspaper (it would be easy enough to identify the legitimate owner, as I would merely ask the respondent to identify the songs on the playlist). 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Corporate Finance Test Notes Example For Students

Corporate Finance Test Notes Final Exam Corporate Finance FINC 650 1. Which of the following is not considered a capital component for the purpose of calculating the weighted average cost of capital as it applies to capital budgeting? a. b. c. d. e. Long-term debt. Common stock. Short-term debt used to finance seasonal current assets. Preferred stock. All of the above are considered capital components for WACC and capital budgeting purposes. 2. A company has a capital structure which consists of 50 percent debt and 50 percent equity. Which of the following statements is most correct? a. b. c. d. The cost of equity financing is greater than the cost of debt financing. The WACC exceeds the cost of equity financing. The WACC is calculated on a before-tax basis. The WACC represents the cost of capital based on historical averages. In that sense, it does not represent the marginal cost of capital. e. The cost of retained earnings exceeds the cost of issuing new common stock. 3. Which of the following statements is most correct? a. Preferred stock does not involve any adjustment for flotation cost since the dividend and price are fixed. b. The cost of debt used in calculating the WACC is an average of the after-tax cost of new debt and of outstanding debt. c. The opportunity cost principle implies that if the firm cannot invest retained earnings and earn at least rs, it should pay these funds to its stockholders and let them invest directly in other assets that do provide this return. d. The cost of common stock, rs, is usually less than the cost of preferred stock. 4. Assume a project has normal cash flows (i.e., the initial cash flow is negative, and all other cash flows are positive). Which of the following statements is most correct? a. b. c. d. e. All else equal, a project s IRR increases as the cost of capital declines. All else equal, a project s NPV increases as the cost of capital declines. All else equal, a project s MIRR is unaffected by change s in the cost of capital. Answers a and b are correct. Answers b and c are correct. 5. Which of the following statements is most correct? a. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the cost of capital while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the IRR. b. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the risk free rate while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the IRR. c. The NPV method assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the cost of capital while the IRR method assumes reinvestment at the risk-free rate. d. The NPV method does not consider the inflation premium. e. The IRR method does not consider all relevant cash flows, and particularly cash flows beyond the payback period. 6. Project A and B both have normal cash flows. Project A has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 15 percent. Project B has an IRR of 14 percent. Both projects have a cost of capital of 12 percent. Which of the following statements is most correct? a. Both projects have a positive net present value (NPV). b. Project A must have a higher NPV th an Project B. c. If the cost of capital were less than 12 percent, Project B would have a higher IRR than Project A. d. Statements a and c are correct. e. Statements a, b, and c are correct. 7. Which of the following statements is most correct? a. If a project with normal cash flows has an IRR which exceeds the cost of capital, then the project must have a positive NPV. b. If the IRR of Project A exceeds the IRR of Project B, then Project A must also have a higher NPV. c. The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) can never exceed the IRR. d. Answers a and c are correct. e. None of the answers above is correct. 8. Which of the following is not an incremental cash flow that results from the decision to accept a project? a. b. c. d. e. Changes in working capital. Shipping and installation costs. Sunk costs. Opportunity costs. Cannibalization of existing products. 9. Risk in a project which has only negative cash flows can best be adjusted for by a. b. c. d. e. Ignoring it. Adjusting the discount rate upward for increasing risk. Adjusting the discount rate downward for increasing risk. Picking a risk factor equal to the average discount rate. Reducing the NPV by 10 percent for risky projects. 10. Suppose the firm s WACC is stated in nominal terms, but the project s expected cash flows are expressed in real dollars. In this situation, if prices are expected to increase, the calculated NPV would a. b. c. d. e. Be correct. Be biased downward. Be biased upward. Possibly have a bias, but it could be upward or downward. More information is needed; otherwise, we can make no reasonable statement. 1. Heino Inc. hired you as a consultant to help them estimate their cost of capital. You have been provided with the following data: rRF = 5.0%; RPM = 5.0%; and b = 1.1. Based on the CAPM approach, what is the cost of equity from retained earnings? A. 10.50% b. 10.71% c. 10.88% d. 11.03% e. 11.14% rs = 5% + (5%)*1.1 = 10.50% 2. P. Daves Inc. hired you as a consultant to help them estimate their cost of equity. The yield on the firm’s bonds is 6.5%, and Daves investment bankers believe that the cost of equity can be estimated using a risk premium of 4.0%. What is an estimate of Daves cost of equity from retained earnings? a. 9.77% b. 10.02% c. 10.19% d. 10.33% E. 10.50% 6.5% + 4% = 10.5% 3. You were recently hired by Hemmings Media, Inc., to estimate their cost of capital. You were provided with the following data: D1 = $2.50; P0 = $60; g = 7% (constant); and F = 5%. What is the cost of equity raised by selling new common stock? a. 11.02% b. 11.20% C. 11.39% d. 11.58% e. 11.74% 2.50/(60* 95%) + 7% = 11.39% 4. For a typical firm, which of the following is correct? All rates are after taxes, and assume the firm operates at its target capital structure. a. rd re rs WACC. b. rs re rd WACC. c. WACC re rs rd. D. re rs WACC rd. e. WACC rd rs re. 5. Maese Sisters Inc has been paying out all of its earnings as dividends, and hence has no retained earnings. This same situation is expected to persist in the future. The company uses the CAPM to calculate its cost of equity. Its target capital structure consists of common stock, preferred stock, and debt. Which of the following events would reduce the WACC? a. The flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock increase. B. The market risk premium declines. c. The company’s beta increases. d. Expected inflation increases. e. The flotation costs associated with issuing preferred stock increase. 6. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. In the WACC calculation, we must adjust the cost of preferred stock (the market yield) because 70% of the dividends received by corporate investors are excluded from their taxable income. b. We should use historical measures of the component costs from prior financings when estimating a company’s WACC for capital budg eting purposes. c. The cost of new equity (re) could possibly be lower than the cost of retained earnings (rs) if the market risk premium, risk-free rate, and the company’s beta all decline by a sufficiently large amount. d. The component cost of preferred stock is expressed as rp(1 T), because preferred stock dividends are treated as fixed charges, similar to the treatment of debt interest. E. The cost of retained earnings is the rate of return stockholders require on a firm’s common stock. Gothic and Arabic influences Essay21. Millman Electronics will produce 60,000 stereos next year. Variable costs will equal 50% of sales, while fixed costs will total $120,000. At what price must each stereo be sold for the company to achieve an EBIT of $95,000? a. $6.57 b. $6.87 C. $7.17 d. $7.47 e. $7.77 60,000X – 30,000X – 120,000 = 95,000 30,000X = 215,000 X = $7.1667 22. Brandi Co. has an unlevered beta of 1.10. The firm currently has no debt, but is considering changing its capital structure to be 30% debt and 70% equity. If its corporate tax rate is 40%, what is Brandi s levered beta? a. 1.2549 B. 1.3829 c. 1.5764 d. 1.6235 e. 1.7458 Levered Beta = Unlevered Beta = 1.3829 23. If a stock’s dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year, which of the following statements is CORRECT? The stock is in equilibrium. a. The expected return on the stock is 5% a year. b. The stock’s dividend yield is 5%. c. The price of the stock is expected to decline in the future. d. The stock’s required return must be equal to or less than 5%. E. The stock’s price one year from now is expected to be 5% above the current price. 24. The firm’s target capital structure is consistent with which of the following? a. Maximum earnings per share (EPS). b. Minimum cost of debt (rd). c. Highest bond rating. d. Minimum cost of equity (rs). E. Minimum weighted average cost of capital (WACC). 25. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. The capital structure that maximizes stock price is also the capital structure that minimizes the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). b. The capital structure that maximizes stock price is also the capital structure that maximizes earnings per share. c. The capital structure that maximizes stock price is also the capital structure that maximizes the firm’s times interest earned (TIE) ratio. d. Increasing a company’s debt ratio wi ll typically reduce the marginal costs of both debt and equity financing; however, it still may raise the company’s WACC. e. If Congress were to pass legislation that increases the personal tax rate, but decreases the corporate tax rate, this would encourage companies to increase their debt ratios. Show your work for problems and label your answers. 1. (12 points) Flagstaff Manufacturing’s (FM) only debt is represented by 800,000 bonds with a market price per bond of $1,050. It has 20 million shares of common stock outstanding with a market price of $50 per share, and no preferred stock. a. Calculate the market value of long-term debt and common equity, and the percentage of capital obtained from each source. $ % Debt 840M .4565 ComSt 1,000M .5435 Total 1,840M b. The bonds have a coupon rate of 7% and based on the market price of the bonds, the yield to maturity is 6%. FM has a 40% tax rate. Calculate the after-tax cost of debt financing. ATrd = 6 (.6) = 3.6% The market price of common stock is $50. The firm paid a dividend of $2.00 per share of common stock in the fiscal year that just ended. Dividends are expected to increase at an annual rate of 5%. The stock’s beta is 0.70. The risk-free rate is 5% and the expected return on the market is 11%. c. Calculate the required return on common stock using CAPM. rs = 5 + .70(6) = 9.2% d. FM does not plan to sell any additional shares of common stock this year and anticipates adding $20 million to retained earnings this year. Use the market value weights and your answers above to calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). WACC = .4565 (3.6) + .5435 (9.2) = 6.64% 3. (10 points) Acme Chemical is considering two mutually exclusive machines: Machine X has a cost of $60,000 and provides after-tax cash flows of $42,000 per year for 2 years. It has a required return of 10%. Project Y has a cost of $100,000, provides after-tax cash flows of $40,000 per year for 4 years and has a required return of 12%. Machine prices and cash flows are expected to remain constant in the foreseeable future. Evaluate the two machines and make a decision: which should Acme purchase and why? Show your analysis, including any necessary calculations and make it clear what your decision is based on. Over a common 4-year life, the replacement chain NPVs are: X = $23,548 Y = $21,494 The equivalent annual annuities are: X = $7,429 Y = $7,077 Project X should be chosen: it has higher RCNPV and higher EAA. 4. (10 points) The cash flows associated with a project under consideration are shown below. The required return is 10%. Year 0 1 2 3 CF (1,000) 500 400 200 a. Calculate the NPV of the project. NPV = -$64.61 b. Calculate the IRR of the project IRR = 5.73% c. Calculate the MIRR of the project. MIRR = 7.58% 5. (20 points) Replacement project. Existing machine was purchased 1 years ago at a cost of $20,000. For tax purposes, it is being depreciated straight line at $4,000 annually. It can be sold now for 12,000 or used for 4 more years at which time it will be sold for an estimated $2,500. It provides revenue of $15,000 annually and has cash costs of $4,200 annually. A replacement machine can be purchased now for $26,000. It would be used for 4 years, and depreciated using straight line at $6,500 annually. It will result in total sales revenue of $20,000 annually, but because of its increased efficiency its cash expense would remain at $4,200 annually. It is expected to have a salvage value of $4,400 in 4 years. The new machine would require additional inventories of $800, and accounts payable would increase by $500. The tax rate is 40% and the required rate of return is 10%. a. Calculate the incremental initial cash flow associated with acquiring the replacement machine (i.e., CF0). Pri ce of new -ATSV of old, if sold now Increase in net WC Initial investment 26,000 -13,600 300 12,700 The initial investment is a negative cash flow.

Reflective Study free essay sample

Reflective writing provides an opportunity to gain further insights from the work through deeper reflection on our own experiences, and through further consideration of other perspectives from people and theory. Through reflection we can deepen the learning from work. ’(Watton P, Collings J) (Branch Paranjape, 2002, p. 1185) states reflective writing is writing which involves Consideration of the larger context, the meaning, and the implications of an experience or action. ‘It is not sufficient simply to have an experience in order to learn. Without reflecting upon this experience it may quickly be forgotten, or its learning potential lost. It is from the feelings and thoughts emerging from this reflection that generalisations or concepts can be generated. And it is generalisations that allow new situations to be tackled effectively. ’ (Gibbs 1988) As a part of my overseas nursing programme, I was given the opportunity to present any topic of my choice on the 19th of July 2012. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was asked to do a reflective study on my experience doing the presentation. The most commonly used model by health professionals for reflective writing is the Gibbs model. I chose this model to reflect on my presentation. My presentation was on a special program run by my Nursing home for residents with advanced dementia, called ‘Namaste Care’. Gibbs reflective cycle consists of 6steps namely , Description, feeling , evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. It encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion where other options are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if the situation arose again Gibbs (1988). I chose Gibbs model as this makes us to think through all the phases of an experience or activity. DESCRIPTION The topic I chose ‘Namaste care’ is a programme designed to improve the quality life of residents with advanced dementia. Namaste care programme which is practised at my placement area is being delivered to the residents with advanced dementia for the last one year. It has been found very effective and useful for the residents with dementia. The concept was very interesting and caught my attention on my very first day of placement. As a part of my learning experience I got the opportunity to participate in Namaste care. It gave me an understanding know that there is a spirit that lives in each person irrespective of their physical and mental condition and it is this spirit that we are nurturing through loving touch, meaningful activities and presence of others (Joyce Simmard 2007). As a part of my Overseas Nursing Programme I was asked to present on a topic of my choice. The moment i was told, I exactly knew what i was going to present on. The nursing home i am doing my placement is doing a programme called Namaste Care. It is very fresh topic and undergoing a lot of discussions among health professionals working with dementia patients. And there was a documentary aired on BBC two weeks before I started my placement. It’s such a beautiful and enriching experience, that I was eager to share what I saw and learned at the nursing home. . The most important factor of a successful presentation is selecting a topic that would educate, entertain and motivate the audience (Dlugan 2008). My gut feeling told me that this will be a very interesting topic, as most of my classmates were doing their placements in a nursing home, servicing to dementic residents. I discussed it with my mentor and she was happy that i selected a topic which is new and beneficial to UK health practice. I started gathering all the information required for my presentation through journals, websites, books, and the guidelines given to the nursing home regarding Namaste care. Most of my research came from the book ‘Namaste care’ written by Joyce Simmard. It was very helpful as it directly was written by the founder of Namaste care. I prepared a rough draft of all the information i wanted to talk during my presentation. Now i had to make the presentation intrusting, and the thought of a power point presentation came across. Studies have shown that Power Point presentation may improve student attitudes toward the instructor and class presentation (Nouri H et al 2005). Having done presentation during my Masters made it easy to use the tool. I downloaded appropriate pictures and added them to the slides. ‘Clear pictures multiply the audiences level of understanding of the material presented, and they should be used to reinforce your message, clarify points, and create excitement’ (OSHA 1996). I gathered more information about how to make interesting slides, a slide show by Satyajeet Singh helped me to prepare effective and eye capturing slides. I chose appropriate pictures and applied them in the background. I made sure the fonts were of the appropriate size. Sentences were written clearly and made in bullets, which was short and simple (Singh S). My Next task was to adhere to the time limit given to us, which was 15 minutes per person. I divided the time between introduction, explanation, showing a short video, conclusion and questions. The professional speaker George Torok says rehearsing speech standing on your feet will give confidence (George Torok 2004). George also says that rather than memorising the whole topic, know the topic and make your own points (George Torok 2004). I rehearsed the prepared slides and practiced finishing my presentation within 13 min, leaving 2 minutes for unseen mishaps. On the day of my presentation I reached the college 15 minutes early, giving me time to check if the projector was working fine and to see my presentation on projection. I was a bit nervous, but as I had practiced well it calmed me down to a certain extent. I was able to deliver as i had planned and practiced. My classmates were helpful and did not interrupt unnecessarily, which helped me to finish my presentation within the time limit given to me. My assessor was happy with my presentation and gave me feedback on areas to improve. FEELING My initial fear was presenting within the time frame given to me, as there was so much to talk about and less time. But as i started preparing my rough draft I was able to pick essential points and areas to speak on. My mentor guided me in consising my presentation. Repeated practice helped me to deliver my presentation within the time limit. I was still anxious on the day of my presentation. I came 15minutes before to check the projector and the internet as I had to play a video from the website. Once I had everything checked and i was prepared, my anxious reduced by half. I normally do not have stage fear, by on that day i was a bit nervous as i was going to present on a topic that was new and unknown to everyone. I wanted to deliver the topic to the best of my knowledge. It was a new care approach to me as well, which made me fear the questioning part. But at the end of my presentation i was able to answer all the questions put across. I had an eager and helpful audience which gave me confidence and excitement to carry on . It helped me present and answer to their questions. At the end of presentation I felt relaxed and happy as i was able to deliver as i had planned. EVALUATION This experience gave me confidence to face a group and talk. It taught me time management. My teaching skills were improved giving me a wonderful learning experience. My Knowledge and skills on Namaste care improved and I was able to relate and apply it in my care for dementia patients. Namaste care has different programs for different patient needs, I was able to explain only a part of it as the topic is to vast. This disappointed me; as I wanted make people aware of all the aspects of Namaste Care. ANALYSIS Once I finished my presentation my assessor gave me feedback on the areas that need to be improved. I realised that though I referred many research studies, I failed to include them in slides which was mentioned by assessor as one point to improve. He commented that the introduction was good and the slides were clear and interesting. He also suggested improving the interaction with group. CONCLUSION The presentation was a good experience for me, it improved my teaching skills in a professional manner. My confidence in talking about medical conditions increased; bring out the mentorship and leadership qualities in me. Feedback from my assessor and group was a reward for my hard work and I was extremely delighted to hear positive response from them. ACTION PLAN In future I would like to improve more on my presentation skills. I am confident do any teachings that I need to do as a part of my job role once registered. I will research more on teaching and presentation skills and I will try to make use of every chance that get. I will work on my drawbacks and bring more group interaction next time. REFERENCE 1. Dlugan, A (2008) ‘Speech preparation; selecting a speech topic’, Six minutes Speaking and presentation skills(online) available at http://sixminutes. dlugan. com/speech-preparation-2-select-topic-idea/ [accessed on 05-02-2012] 2. Nouri, H and Shahid, A (2005) ‘The effect of power point presentations on student learning and attitudes’ Global perspective on accounting education’ (online) available at ttp://gpae. bryant. edu/~gpae/vol2 [accessed on 07-02-2012] 3. Oxford brooks university, ‘Using Gibbs: Example of feflective writing in healthcare assignment’ (online) available at http://www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_using_gibbs. html [accessed on 02-02-2012] 4. Simard, J (2007) The End of Life Namaste Care Programme for People w ith Dementia, Health professions press, New York. 5. Singh, S ‘Designing effective powerpoint presentations’ (onlie) available at http://www. slideshare. net/satyajeet_02/how-to-make-effective-presentation [accessed on 07-02-2012] 6. Torok G (2004) Presentation Skills (online) available at http://www. presentation-skills-success. com/ [accessed on 06-02-2012]. 7. Watton, P. ,Collings, J and Moon, J(2001) Reflective writing: Guidence notes for students (online) available at www. learnhighercetl. plymouth. ac. uk [accessed on 05-02-2012] 8. Woods DL, Craven RF and Whitney J, (2005) The effect of therapeutic touch on behavioral symptoms of persons with dementia. (online) available at http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/15712768 [accessed on 05-02-2012] ?

Georgia - Crime Victims Rights

Georgia - Crime Victims' Rights You Have The Right To Be Notified Of: Arrest of the accused.Availability of victim service programs.Availability of compensation for victims of violent crime.Any court hearings where release of the accused will be considered.Release of the accused.Court proceedings during prosecution of the case.Motion for new trial or appeal dates.Change of status of the defendant, if you request this in writing. You Have The Right To: Express your opinion on the release of the accused pending court proceedings.Express your views on the outcome of the case prior to plea negotiations or sentencing of the accused.Complete a Victim Impact Statement. Notification To Victims Of Crime The Office of Victim Services will notify registered victims when any of the following occurs: The inmate is released from prison having completed the court ordered incarceration.The inmate has been approved for transfer to a work release transition center.Removal from transition center to be returned to prisonEscape of an inmate from custody.Recapture of an escapee.The release from prison after completing the confinement portion of the sentence to begin a court ordered probation period.A scheduled parole release from prison.An offenders parole is revoked and the parolee is returned to the custody of the Department of Corrections.Transfer to the custody of another authority outside of the Georgia Department of Corrections.The death of the inmate while in the custody of the Georgia Department of Corrections Services to Victims of Crime A toll free number is available for crime victims to contact the Office of Victim ServicesRegistration of crime victims for notification of the release of their offender from the custody of the Georgia Department of Corrections.Notification of an inmates release or escape from the custody of the Georgia Department of Corrections.Advocacy on behalf of victims concerning their particular needs in the correctional process, including but not limited to: situations involving harassment by inmates, compliance with court mandated conditions, unwanted contact, etc.General information regarding the status of offenders in the custody of or under the supervision of the department of corrections.Referrals for crime victims to other state, federal and community based services.Notification of execution dates along with preparation and orientation for the survivors of homicide victims who choose to be present at an execution. Victim Information and Notification Every Day V.I.P. is an automated information and notification system used by the Georgia Department of Corrections to provide registered victims or their families with access to information about their offender 24 hours a day, everyday. V.I.P. Hotline: 1-800-593-9474. V.I.P. also functions as a notification system. Through computer generated telephone calls, victims who have registered with the Georgia Department of Corrections will automatically receive notification of the release of their offender from custody. The information and notification services of the V.I.P. system are available in both English and Spanish. How to Register with V.I.P. The V.I.P. hotline may be used to obtain updates on the following inmate information: The current location of incarceration.The parole status/eligibility.Maximum or scheduled release date.The system will advise you if the offender is not in custodyNotification Calls Registered victims will automatically begin receiving computer-generated telephone notification calls when any of the following occurs: The inmate is released from prison having served the court ordered term of incarceration.Release from prison after completing the confinement portion of the sentence to begin a court ordered probation period.Upon being paroled from prison.The escape and recapture of an inmate.The death of the inmate while in the custody of corrections.Notification calls will be placed to the registered phone number every hour. The calls will continue for a 24-hour period or until the victim enters the assigned PIN, confirming the notification process has been completed.

Explain Race and the Wrong Side of the Bed in American History Essay

Explain Race and the Wrong Side of the Bed in American History - Essay Example Technology and popular culture is not making us less intelligent; instead it is making us stretch our intelligence in new directions. One of the parts of modern technology and pop culture that people like to complain about the most is videogames. People say that gamers are â€Å"melting their brains† as they waste away indoors, doing a time-wasting activity that doesn’t stretch their minds. However, by taking a closer look at videogames, we can see that this isn’t the case at all. Videogames force us to use a type of problem-solving intelligence that most other activities don’t help us to use. By becoming good at videogames, people become good at solving puzzles and working out spatial relationships that are too complex for other activities. People who are good at videogames are the people who will be the next generation of software designers and technological problem-solvers. Texting is another form of technology in pop culture that many people view with suspicion. People see â€Å"textspeak† as an illiterate means of communication. However, texting actually causes people to think creatively about language. In order to make messages as short and easy to type on a number pad as possible, people who text come up with clever ways to abbreviate words.

Orginzation change in puplic sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Orginzation change in puplic sector - Essay Example According to the research, it is evident that, the organizations in public sector required more sustained and deeper change process (Bell, 2008, p.22). It is identical from the case that, due to several reasons, such as inadequate attention to several organization systems, absence of change management competence and flawed guiding theory of change; the organizations within the public sector is failing to implement successful change process. Inadequate independent variable understanding within the management is affecting the change process in the public sector organizations. Kurt Lewin’s organizational change theory can be applied in this study to propose an effective change process to the public sector organizations. The objective of the study is to evaluate the opinions of the authors regarding the change process and theories in the public sector organizations. Critical Evaluation Several authors have presented different views about the implementation of the organizational ch ange process. This part will critically evaluate the opinions of hose authors and will find out strengths, weakness and negative and positive points on the opinions. Lau, Osborne and Gaebler have argued that, due to lack of focus of government leaders, the organizations of public sector are not able to implement the change process effectively. ... Change management is a key competitive strategy that needs to be implemented for a specific period of time. Moreover, it is true that lack of understanding of independent variable within the management can affect the change process. Implementation of Change process Before applying organizational change process, it is important to understand the reason behind change and effectiveness of the change process (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010, p.86). Depending upon the present situation of the organization in the public sectors, application of the Kurt Lewin’s organizational change process can be effective. Kurt Lewin’s organizational change process This process includes three stages, such as unfreezing, refreezing and change. Unfreeze process refers as the preparation of organization change process. Refreeze stands for shaping up the change process. Move or change includes the effectiveness of the organizational communication process (Appendix). Unfreezing In this stage the pub lic sector organizations need to determine and understand the change process. An in-depth research work is necessary by the consultants in order to implement the change process (Buelens, Sinding, Waldstrom, Krietner and Kinicki, 2010, p.98). The organization should implement this change process in the domain of manufacturing procedure, domain of training programmes and development. Effective unfreezing process will help the public sector organizations to develop overall communication system and organizational structure. The top level management of the organizations should involve in this change process along with the appointed consultants. Refreezing In this stage, the appointed consultant should anchor the change process into the culture of public

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Example for Free

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Jean Piaget’s and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky’s theories on cognitive development both play a significant role in addressing the intellectual growth of children (Lain, 2006). Psychologists and educators alike, rely on these theories in constructing the standards by which children are being brought up and taught today. Essentially, cognitive development is the process by which our intellectual ability grows and progresses. Slavin (2003), maintains that cognitive development, â€Å"is the gradual and orderly changes that occur making ones mental process more complex and sophisticated† (as cited in Lain, 2006, Cognitive Development section, para. 1). As the children’s learning process is crucial to the development of their learning ability and critical thought process, educators must have a good grasp of these theories to fully address the children’s individual learning needs. Jean Piaget’s theory is marked by several developmental stages that define the child’s corresponding cognitive level. On the other hand, Lev Vygotsky developed the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) based on the assumption that children learn more quickly under the guidance of a more experienced adult (Maccarelli, 2006). Considered as constructivists, both renowned theorists believed that children learn by formulating new ideas by combining old ones. The Hawaii Department of Education E-School also claims that, â€Å"constructivists believe that learning is affected by the context in which an idea is taught as well as by students beliefs and attitudes† (as cited in Davison, 2006, Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory section, para. 1). As society determines the amount of knowledge a child gains, it also sets the limit to the students’ cognitive development. However, the principal ideas between the two theorists vary greatly. Piaget strongly believed that learning occurs after development. He indicated that a child will start the learning process after the child has reached a certain developmental stage. Contrarily, Vygotsky claimed that the child develops as a result of learning. Furthermore, Vygotsky placed a large amount of emphasis on the importance of outside influence to the child’s overall cognitive development, where as Piaget barely acknowledged the significance of outside influence on the child’s development in his theorems. Moreover, while Piaget’s theory has four distinct and set standards of development, Vygotsky’s theory does not support predetermined stages at all. Instead, he stressed the importance of private speech and ZPD on the child’s development. Living in a society that is an integration of multiple cultures, classified by age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and economic status, each of us is a product of our social interactions to these various cultures. If we examine Vygotsky’s theory, a large part of a child’s development is placed on the input of others, it is therefore reasonable to assume that a multicultural society places a great deal of input on the child’s development. However, since a child’s development is limited to his or her surroundings, and his thoughts and ideas mainly influenced by that of his early caregivers, sometimes the child is not exposed to different cultures other than his own. This gives rise to multicultural issues that we see nowadays. And as the study of multicultural psychology is greatly concerned with exploring, understanding, and appreciating the differences in culture, based on Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theory, these multicultural issues could be avoided if children are exposed or introduced to diverse cultures early in life. References Davison, B. (2006). Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/94974/piaget_vs_vygotsky_the_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Lain, (2006). Cognitive Development: A Comparison Between the Work of Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/41531/cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Maccarelli, S. (2006). Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development: The Socio-Cultural Perspective. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/29997/vygotskys_theory_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Uncgrad, (2006). Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/452881/piagets_stages_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4

Free Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter - Pearl as The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Pearl as The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a novel that shows the Puritanical way of life. Society does not accept the fact that Hester has committed the sin of adultery so they cast her out by making her wear a scarlet letter 'A' across her chest. Pearl is the product of Hester's sin, the scarlet letter is the product of society. This idea shows that Pearl is the scarlet letter and the scarlet letter is Pearl. There are many ways in which Pearl is shown to be as the scarlet letter because she is considered to be a part of nature, she is the physical connection between Dimmesdale and Hester, and Pearl is the reason that makes Dimmesdale and Hester to finally accept their sin and make their confession in front of society and the people within society. The reasons are listed in this manner because in the first one nature is a stronger force that human force, then comes her connection between Dimmesdale and Hester because she is the natural connection which is a link from the first on e to the second and also her being the reason Dimmesdale and Hester accepting the sin is last because there is a stronger connection between the child and the parents here which is linked from the previous reason. Pearl is a product of a natural act done by two human beings. This is the act of sex. But society considers it to be bad because there was no social contract between the parents to have that baby. But still its natural so it makes Pearl natural and cast out by society. Even her mother notices that it is society that seems to make Pearl the "evil" girl she is, "She knew that her deed had been evil; she could have no faith, therefore, that its result would be for good. Day after day she looked fearfully into the child's expanding nature; ever dreading to detect some dark and wild peculiarity, that could restore to the guiltiness to which she owed her being."( The Scarlet Letter. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 86) Here what is depicted is that Pearl's evil is from her mother's "guiltiness". So if Hester has none of that guilt that came from society then she would naturally be a good girl. Also, Pearl seems to be connected to nature because there is some contact where Pearl has some kind of commun ication with Pearl.

Ethical Issue Essay

As a supporter of the idea, genetically modified babies will n t only improve newborn children's health from diseases, but also have the specifications to c hang certain features of the child. Modifying babies sounds like such a farfetched futuristic idea, when in reality, today is the future. The technology is all here, and if we don't utilize the sees advancements now while we have them, we may never get a chance to do so. With the practice CE of genetically modified babies, life will improve for the future.Genetically Modified Babies will improve human health and prevent many disc eases. With much conducted research and such little testing, the scientific community states that â€Å"genetic screening on embryos has potential to wipe out genetic disease by vi ritually removing the alleles from such disorders. When it is used in correct form[†¦ ] children boo run in the future Amoral 2 have the potentially to be purely ‘healthy† and carry no signs of genetic diseas e With the use of genetic screening, diseases caused by mutated genes or family pas seed genes could be cured.Disorders like Down syndrome, Color blindness, sickles disease, cystic c fibrosis, and Tussahs disease could all be cured and stopped, by using genetic screening. With Designer Babies, families will have a benefit in the family health line from each generate on. Families would also have better reproduction of healthier offspring because of it. With the practice of genetically modified babies, life will improve for the future. With using the technology that comes from Genetically Modified Babies, these newborns will be more improved and advanced over time.Eventually, these babies will be more smarter and intellectually intelligent than naturally babies. It is estimated that the n ewe genetically modified babies will live close to 20 years longer than us. Some crazy phenol eons state that unethically modified babies will lead to a new â€Å"super human† breed Of living 0 organisms. There is nothing wrong † [†¦ ]with the attempt to make our children smarter or kinder,' Steinbeck told Live Science. ‘If we did think that was wrong, we should give up parenting, and put them out on the street. â€Å"(Steinbeck) No parent would ever leave their child out on the street et, especially if they were more smarter and kinder than a regular newborn . With the practice of genetically modified babies, life will improve for the future. How would the future look for Designer Babies? Well, there would be a regime of technological consumer eugenics, that would benefit society as a whole. If the FDA says yes to the practice, it would be the first time a government body has supported Chain gees for humans and Amoral 3 their ascending generations.From my research, I've seen that the FDA commit tee is considering an okay in the scientific issues of the idea, however for such uses of emoticon drill manipulation and â€Å"designer† babies they're still spectacle. With the practice Of genetically m edified babies, life will improve for the future. Genetically Modified Babies, will help prevent genetic diseases and make a gar at future for the world. However, there is a lot of down faults. What if the there is a mall function in the medical process of genetic engineering, also in the designer babies process the e child can come out wrong or not how the parent wanted it.Another detriment to genetically modified babies is that these absurd theories could be true and cause humans to be inferior to t hose babies, once their race grows and develops with time. Lets look at the facts here, Genetically y modified babies, are good for stopping genetic mutations and providing health, the offspring w al improve, and it will create a new future towards life on this planet. Many people disagree, but I support the FDA in that they will decide to use the is practice everywhere and utilize this country technology.Genetically modified babies w ill increase health of the world and also bring new scientific and medical advancements. Diseases that are killing people now, will be wiped out of the human race if we had genetic engine nearing in years to come. As a society, we are forced to do the most best thing for us, and as huh mans we learn that â€Å"new' is better. Once we start advancing and tinkering with technology, we re like that it can help us with survival and the human condition on this planet.

How to Deal With a Class Clown

The Immigration Of The United States Essay - 2176 Words

â€Å"Immigration to the United States has occurred in waves, one of the largest of which consisted of nearly 28 million people between 1880 and the late 1920’s. â€Å"The newcomers living in various countries throughout the world decided to leave there root of origin and immigrate to the United States for various reasons, some of which included freedom from political and religious persecution, famine, or to experience the American Dream of perceived economic opportunity. Once settled; immigrants were often stereotyped and discriminated against because they were â€Å"different†. Social Justice was nonexistent as Employers often took advantage of immigrants, men were paid less than other workers and women were paid less than men. (Library of Congress, 1990) The numbers of newcomers dropped dramatically in 1924, when Congress passed highly restrictive immigration legislation.†(Bankston, Carl L., 1999). â€Å"As time has passed the United States Immigration laws have made it increasing more desirable for individuals to seek illegal entry as opposed to the legal process. High regulation and subject to numerical limitations and eligibility requirements consisting of necessary family or employment relationship and lack of access to humanitarian protection, such as refuge or asylum status have played a significant role.†(American Immigration Council, March 2012) â€Å"Although a self-professed nation of immigrants, the United States has historically shown ambivalence toward newcomers who enter theShow MoreRelatedImmigration And The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration in the United States continues to increase rapidly year by year. According to an analysis of monthly Census Bureau data by the Center for Immigration Studies, the immigration population in the United States, both legal and illegal, hit a record of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014 (CIS.org). Clearly, Immigrants make up a large part of the population in the United States, and for most immigrants, migrating to theRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1399 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Faed English 126 Immigration in the United States The United States of America, being a country established by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants are the people whoRead MoreImmigration And The United States965 Words   |  4 Pages Immigration is a highly controversial and big problem in the United States today. â€Å"While some characterize our immigration crisis as solely an issue of the 11 to 12 million unauthorized immigrants living in this country, our problems extend beyond the number of undocumented people to a broader range of issues. The lack of a comprehensive federal solution has created a slew of lopsided, enforcement-only initiatives that have cost the country billions of dollars while failing to end un authorizedRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe vast majority of people living in the United States are descendants of immigrants, and yet majority of them are against them. It is quickly forgotten that America was built on immigrants that wanted a new life. A life free from harsh government, and the freedom from forced religion. The original settlers were immigrants that stole this land; immigrants continued to come for years. It is not a newly constructed concept that immigrants have always been a problem, ask any Native American. One usedRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1064 Words   |  5 Pages Camarota (2007, p.1), director of the Immigration Studies Center, reports there are 1.6 million documented and undocumented migrants take up residence in the United States every year. Camarota goes on to say that the immigrants occupy one-eighth of the total population who settled in the U.S. The flood of aliens, to a significant degree, hinders the development of the United States. Therefore, the issues which relate to immigration must not be neglected, and the government should keep the numberRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration has been a large conversation topic for such a long time in our country. We have worked on policies for immigration, and have made changes to them throughout the duration of our country’s existence. This topic is always worth mentioning and important, but has become a bigger topic once again due to presidential elections and the conversations being had about immigration from said elections. It is not necessarily easily seen if the concern with immigration is who is here legally or limitingRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1565 Words   |  7 PagesA native of Mexico, Gonzalez came to the United States using a visa, to visit family members and in 1994, police convicted Gonzalez of the abduction and rape of a Waukegan, Illinois woman. During his conviction his attorney, Vanessa Potkin, addressed that at twenty years old, Gonzalez spoke very little English, had no criminal record, and yet the police wanted to pin the crime on him. Twenty years later, DNA from the crime cleared him of both charges, and Gonzalez is now threatened with deportationRead MoreImmigration : The United States1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States is a popular and powerful which many people admire. It is very true that the country prospect and is more enrich. O pening the border might improve the economy or can impact the job market for American citizens. It is the jobs of American citizens to be given more to this illegal immigrant. I believe the U.S. borders should remain closed. While it is clear that opening the borders can have benefits, I believe it is more important to keep jobs available for Americans. In my opinionRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 PagesFrench and European to settle in the New World. Since the colonial era, America has seen a wave of immigrants migrate in search of freedom and equality. Is this the same immigration today? Nearly 11.6 million immigrants from Mexico reside in the U.S. Today Immigration has a significant impact on many aspects of life in the United States, from the workforce and the classroom to communities across the country. Not all immigrants come to America legally whether as naturalized citizens, legal permanent residents

Aquinas and Descartes View of Knowledge - 1433 Words

Knowledge Aquinas and Descartes have different ideas on how humans gain knowledge in the world. Both philosophers need to define what the human body is composed of in order to determine how we gain knowledge. For Aquinas intellect comes from the soul and the body working in unison. The soul is the substantial form of a living material thing. It is the actuality of a living material substance. Even though the rational soul is what differentiates humans from other living things, it does not make us human beings. Aquinas writes that we could maintain this if we were to suppose that the activities of sensory souls are proper to such souls apart from bodies. (Aquinas 62) Aquinas is saying that we would be able to say that the human†¦show more content†¦Objective reality is the reality of ideas or thoughts, while formal reality is the cause of our ideas or thoughts. For example I see desk in our classroom. There could be a powerful being giving us the idea of desks, senses actually taking in desks, or I expect desks to be there so I create the idea of desks. When Descartes considers the example of God, he uses the same experiment to explain how we come to the idea of God or an all powerful being. I am not perfect, and I have never sensed or experienced perfection. Can the all powerful demon be giving me this image of perfection? No, because to deceive is an imperfection. The only possible explanation for the cause of our reason of perfection is God. From these considerations it is quite obvious that he cannot be a deceiver, for it is manifest by the light of nature that all fraud and deception depend on some defect. ( Descartes 80) Also Descartes goes on to say that it is more perfect to exist than not to exist. Therefore if the definition of God is perfect, then God must exist. Descartes says that we understand and learn through two things that God gives us. In order to make perfect decisions or the right conclusions we must be clear and distinct in what we decide. Clear refers to something that I cannot help but to take notice of, and distinct is something IShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of Saint Thomas Aquinas And Ren?ï ¿ ½ Descartes1460 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers have attempted to prove God’s existence: Saint Thomas Aquinas and Renà © Descartes. Despite having been influenced by the former, Descartes’ arguments––while similar to Aquinas’––are reached through noticeably different methods. To analyze Aquinas’ proof for God’s existence, it is important to first analyze his definition of God––or â€Å"How We Know God†Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬â€œ as outlined in the Summa of Theology (Qu. 12). Simply put by Aquinas, â€Å"[God] is (1) the cause of all, and that creatures differ from himRead MoreEssay Before and After Christianity741 Words   |  3 Pagesbecame widespread, thinkers had to contend with a new source of knowledge- one based on faith rather than on what appeared self-evident to the human mind. Early Christians justified their dependence on faith in different ways. Some embraced fideism and favored faith even without or over reason. Others engaged and melded their new traditions with older ones. Thomas Aquinas describes and responds to several challenges of Christianity. Aquinas asserts that the study of God as revealed in Christianity,Read MorePhilosophy C100 Quiz 121572 Words   |  7 PagesPREVIEW: PHIL C100 Quiz 1 —   Ã‚  P A G E   Ã‚  1  Ã‚   — 1.    The word philosophy comes from the Greek philein (to love) and sophia (knowledge or wisdom).    X | True |    | False | 2.    Which of the following is a philosophical question:    | Is there a God? |    | Does the end justify the means? |    | What form of government is best? |    | What is Time? |   X | All of the above. | 3.   An argument is a reason for accepting a position.    X | True |    | False | 4.    The area of philosophyRead MoreThomas Aquinas : The Nature Of The Body951 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Aquinas makes the argument that the soul is not a body and expresses that it is part of the body itself. The mind is aware of the soul and to attempt to find the nature of the soul, he must premise that the soul is the first principle of life of animate and inanimate things. Life can be shown by both knowledge and movement. The soul is not a body but the first principle and act of a body, like the principle of seeing are the eyes. Aquinas is not a substance dualist like Descartes even thoughRead MoreThe Argument Of The Existence Of God1480 Words   |  6 Pagesa greater being, that being must exist in the mind and reality. Renà © Descartes was a western philosopher who is considered to be the father of modern philosophy. He composed an ontological arguments, which differed from Anselm s idea. It is a less formal argument than Anselm’s. Descartes argued that God s existence can be deduced from his nature, just as geometric ideas can be deduced from the nature of shapes (Descartes, 55). He claims that God embodies all perfections and is supremely perfectRead MoreMontaigne and Augustine1359 Words   |  6 Pagesbegin to find peace and wholeness with God. Thus it matters greatly as to whom we side with for that decision is truly a reflection of how we see the human state to be; inherently good or inherently evil. Through the eyes of Thomas Aquinas and Rene Descartes, we shall take in the landscape of Medieval and Renaissance philosophy in a micro/macro cosmic relationship that is, how their philosophies mirrored the thoughts and feelings of the given period. On one hand, an aspect of medieval philosophyRead MoreExamine and Comment on the Claim That the Mind and the Body Are the Same703 Words   |  3 Pagesare the same is the view that hard materialists take. Hard materialists believe that when either the body or soul dies, the other dies too. This means that they believe there is no after life, no purgatory etc. Ryle and Dawkins are hard materialists; they also think that believing in the soul is dangerous to human endeavour. Being a hard materialist, Dawkins and Ryle would believe that the body and soul are purely physical and they are one. Scholars such as Plato and Descartes are dualists. DualistsRead MoreHow did Descartes Explain the Relationship between Mind and Body? 1092 Words   |  5 Pagessomething different from the body and each of them works by themselves without any interaction between them (Radner, 1971). The other point of view said that body and mind works together as a unity and mutually influences each other and the result is the human being. This view had been held by great figures like the Greek philosopher Aristotle and Aquinas (Radner, 1971). Who argued that there should be a connection between mind-soul and body, because only in this way sensation and voluntary movementRead MoreDualism And The Separation Of Mind And Body Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pagescreated beings and that moral evil is a consequence of the created beings having free will. Physical and moral evil are not supposed to be seen as a positive matter. Secondly, the term is occupied in opposition to monism to symbolize the ordinary view that the existing universe consists of two entirely different kinds of substance. These two different substances are body and mind, matter and spirit. This terminology of dualism is the most common in modern philosophy, where it is specifically contrastedRead MorePhilosophy Essay on Self1800 Words   |  8 PagesThinking 2013-5 Statement of authorship I certify that this literature review is my own work and contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any degree or diploma in any institute, college or university. Moreover, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the dissertation. Name Signed _________________________________________________ Date ___________________________________________________

The Different Styles of Music in America free essay sample

America America is known for its diversity in many ways, including music. The melting pot that is the United States has been filled with many different cultures, religions, and ethnicities that have influenced music. Three very distinctive genres of music are jazz, country, and rap. Each has Its own style, beat, and feeling, and each of them has a very different origin. Rap, which Is also called hip-hop, originated In New York City In the sasss. Some of the original rappers in that period were Grandmaster Flash and Africa Bumboat. Hip-hops synthesized beat and rhythmically spoken lyrics are very unique to the style. When It was first created, It was mainly targeted and listened to by the African- American community, but today It has become more mainstream. Some contemporary rappers are Mine, Drake, and Jay-Z. Country music is often thought of as Americas music. It originated from the Western folk music and bluegrass of the sasss. We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Styles of Music in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It uses a variety of instruments such as banjos, guitars, violins, fiddles, harmonicas, and even jugs. Since the classics likeLoretta Lynn, Dolly Parrot, and Willie Nelson, country music has stayed consistent in popularity and has brought new stars such as Carrie underworld, Taylor Swift, and Blake Shelton. It has and will remain to be a strong, patriotic symbol of our country. Perhaps one of the most unique sounding styles of music is Jazz. It is an often improvised and random compilation of notes and sounds from all sorts of instruments. It started in New Orleans, the Home of Jazz, in the early twentieth century. The Jazz Age was a time when the classic Jazz musicians such as LouisArmstrong, Count Basis, Duke Elongating, and Glenn Miller emerged. Today, jazz music has remained a part of American culture and has continued through musicians like Wanton Marshals, Hereby Hancock, and Dave Bruce who have stayed akin to the traditional sounds of Jazz. The diversity of America has shown through its music In many ways. The three genres I have described each have Its own specific style, feeling, and background because each was influenced by the different cultures that have merged Into American society.As Billy Joel once said, It (music) Is an explosive expression of immunity. Its something we are all touched by. With all of Its diversity, this music perfectly represents America. By Guatemala jazz, country, and rap. Each has its own style, beat, and feeling, and each of them has Rap, which is also called hip-hop, originated in New York City in the sasss. Some style. When it was first created, it was mainly targeted and listened to by the African- American community, but today it has become more mainstream. Some as banjos, guitars, violins, fiddles, harmonicas, and even Jugs.Since the classics like popularity and has brought new stars such as Carrie Underworld, Taylor Swift, and Armstrong, Count Basis, Duke Elongating, and Glenn Miller emerged. Today, Jazz music The diversity of America has shown through its music in many ways. The three genres I have described each have its own specific style, feeling, and background because each was influenced by the different cultures that have merged into American society. As Billy Joel once said, It (music) is an explosive expression of humanity. Its something we are all touched by.

The Battle of Midway in the Pacific Essay Example For Students

The Battle of Midway in the Pacific Essay Nothing distinguished the dawn of June 2, 1942, from countless other dawns thathad fallen over tiny Midway atoll in the North Pacific. Nothing, that is, exceptthe tension, the electric tension of men waiting for an enemy to make his move. On Midways two main islands, Sand and Eastern, 3,632 United States Navy andMarine Corps personnel, along with a few Army Air Force aircrews, stood atbattle stations in and near their fighters, bombers, and seaplanes, waiting forthe Japanese attack they had been expecting for weeks. The carrier battle ofMidway, one of the decisive naval battles in history, is well documented. Butthe role played by the Midway garrison, which manned the naval air station onthe atoll during the battle, is not as well known. Midway lies 1,135 miles west-northwest of Pearl Harbor, Oahu. The entire atoll is barely six miles indiameter and consists of Sand and Eastern islands surrounded by a coral reefenclosing a shallow lagoon. Midway was discovered in 1859 and annexed by theUnited States in August 1867. Between 1903 and 1940, it served both as a cablestation on the Honolulu GuamManila underwater telegraph line and as an airportfor the Pan American Airways China Clipper (Miracle 5). In March 1940, after are port on U.S. Navy Pacific bases declared Midway second only to Pearl Harbor inimportance, construction of a formal naval air station began. Midway Naval AirStation was placed in commission in August 1941. By that time, Midwaysfacilities included a large seaplane hangar and ramps, artificial harbor, fuelstorage tanks and several buildings. Sand Island was populated by hundreds ofcivilian construction workers and a defense battalion of the Fleet Marine Force,while Eastern Island boasted a 5,300-foot airstrip. Commander Cyril T. Simard, aveteran naval pilot who had served as air officer on the carrier USS Langley andas executive officer at the San Diego Air Station, was designated the atollscommanding officer. Along with the naval personnel manning the air station was adetachment of Marines. The first detachment was from the Marine 3rd DefenseBattalion; it was relieved on September 11, 1941, by 34 officers and 750 menfrom the 6th Defense Battalion under the command of Lt. Col. Harold D . Shannon,a veteran of World War I and duty in Panama and Hawaii. Shannon and Simardmeshed into an effective team right away. World War II began for Midway at 6:30a.m. December 7, 1941, when the garrison received word of the Japanese attack onPearl Harbor. At 6:42 p.m., a Marine sentry sighted a flashing light out at seaand alerted the garrison. Three hours later, the Japanese destroyers Sazanamiand Ushio opened fire, damaging a seaplane hangar, knocking out the Pan Americandirection finder and destroying a consolidated PBY Catalina flying boat. TheJapanese retired at 10:00 p.m., leaving four Midway defenders dead and 10wounded. On December 23, 1941, Midways air defenses were reinforced with 17SB2U-3 Vought Vindicator dive bombers, 14 Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo fighters, andpilots and aircrews originally intended for the relief of Wake Island. TheBuffaloes and Vindicators were cast-off aircraft, having been replaced by theDouglas SBD-2 Dauntless dive bombers and Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat fi ghters on U.S. We will write a custom essay on The Battle of Midway in the Pacific specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now aircraft carriers. The Buffaloes became part of MarineFighter Squadron 221 (VMF-221), while the Vindicators were put into Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 241(VMSB-241), both making up Marine Air Group 22 (MAG-22) under Lt. Col. Ira B. Kimes. Midway settled into a routine of training and anti-submarine flights,with little else to do except play endless games of cards and cribbage, andwatch Midways famous albatrosses, nicknamed gooney birds, in action (Stevens56). Then, in May 1942, Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto, commander in chief of theJapanese Combined Fleet, came up with a plan, called Operation Mi, to draw outthe U.S. Pacific Fleet by attacking Midway. Using Midway as bait and gathering avast naval armada of eight aircraft carriers, 11 battleships, 23 cruisers, 65destroyers and several hundred fighters, bombers and torpedo planes, Yamamotoplanned to crush the Pacific Fleet once and for all. Alerted by his code-breakers that the Japanese planned to seize Midway, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz,commander in chief, Pacific Command, flew to the atoll on May 2, 1942, to make apersonal inspection. Following his inspection, Nimitz took Simard and Shannonaside and asked them what they needed to defend Midway. They told him theirr equirements. If I get you all these things, can you hold Midway against amajor amphibious assault? Nimitz asked the two officers. Yes, sir! Shannonreplied. It was good enough for Nimitz, who returned to Oahu (Robertson 58). OnMay 20, Shannon and Simard received a letter from Admiral Nimitz, praising theirfine work and promoting them to captain and full colonel, respectively. ThenNimitz informed them that the Japanese were planning to attack Midway on May 28;he outlined the Japanese strategy and promised all possible aid. On May 22, asailor accidentally set off a demolition charge under Midways gasoline supply. The explosion destroyed 400,000 gallons of aviation fuel, and also damaged thedistribution system, forcing the defenders to refuel planes by hand from 55-gallon drums. All the while the Marines continued digging gun emplacements,laying sandbags and preparing shelters on both islands. Barbed wire sproutedalong Midways coral beaches. Shannon believed that it would stop the Japaneseas it had stopped the Germans in World War I. He ordered so much strung that oneMarine exclaimed: Barbed wire, barbed wire! Cripes, the old man thinks we canstop planes with barbed wire (Miracle 27)! The defenders also had a largesupply of blasting gelatin, which was used to make anti-boat mines and boobytraps. On May 25, while the work continued, Shannon and Simard got some goodnews. The Japanese attack would come between June 3 and 5, giving them anotherweek to prepare. That same day, the light cruiser St. Louis arrived, to deliveran eight-gun, 37mm anti-aircraft battery from the Marine 3rd Defense Battalio nand two rifle companies from the 2nd Raider Battalion. On May 26, the ferry USSKittyhawk arrived with 12 3-inch guns, 5 M-3 Stuart light tanks, 16 Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless dive bombers, and 7 Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters, along with 22pilotsmost of them fresh out of flight school, May 29 saw the arrival of fourMartin B-26 Marauder medium bombers from the 22nd Bomb Group. These planes werespecially rigged to carry torpedoes and led by Captain James Collins. That sameday, 12 Navy PBY-5A Catalinas joined the 12 PBY-5s stationed on Midway. Beginning on May 30, Midways planes began searching for the Japanese. Twenty-two PBYs from Lt. Cmdr. Robert Brixners Patrol Squadron 44 (VP-44) andCommander Massie Hughes VP-23 took off from Midway lagoon, then headed out inan arc stretching 700 miles from Midway in search of the Japanese. Midway gotfurther air reinforcement on June 1 when six new Grumman TBF torpedo bombers,commanded by Lieutenant Langdon K. Fieberling, arrived. None of the TBF pilotshad ever been in combat, and only a few had ever flown out of sight of landbefore. The TBF would later be named Avenger in honor of its combat introductionat Midway. By June 1, both Sand and Eastern islands were ringed with coastaldefenses. Six 5-inch guns, 22 3-inch guns and four old Navy 7-inch guns wereplaced along the coasts of both islands for use as anti-aircraft and anti-boatguns. As many as 1,500 mines and booby traps were laid underwater and along thebeaches. Ammunition dumps were placed all around the islands, along with cache sof food for pockets of resistance and an emergency supply of 250 55-gallongasoline drums. Midway had practically everything it needed for its defense. Along with the 121 aircraft crowding Eastern Islands runways, Midway had 11 PT-boats in the lagoon to assist the ground forces with anti-aircraft fire. A yachtand four converted tuna boats stood by for rescue operations, and 19 submarinesguarded Midways approaches. Even with those preparations, there were problems. The air stations radar, an old SC-270 set installed on Sand Island, showed manyblips that were more often albatrosses than aircraft. Also, there was no planfor coordinating Midways air operations, which were dependent on a mixture ofArmy Air Force, Navy and Marine pilots and crews. With that in mind, Midwayscommanders believed their only chance was to attack the Japanese carriers whenthey were located, in the hope of catching them with their planes on deck. Thismeant exquisitely precise timing, a monumental dose of luck, or both, AdmiralNimitz explained. Balsas Midways air force must be employed to inflictprompt and early damage to Jap carrier flight decks if recurring attacks are tobe stopped. By June 2, the Pacific Fleets three aircraft carriersEnterprise, Hornet and Yorktownwere in position northeast of Midway, but onlya few key officers were aware that Midways defenders would be supported by them. Midways Navy pilots were told not to expect any help from the U.S. carriers;theyre off defending Hawaii. Midways only chance was for Nimitzs carriers totake the Japanese by surprise. Early on the morning of June 3, the PBYs of VP-44and VP-23 took off on their 700-mile search missions, joined by B-17 FlyingFortresses on their own search and attack missions. The remaining aircraft onMidway were armed, fueled and waiting for orders to take to the air once theJapanese carriers were located. At 9:04 a.m., Ensign Charles R. Eaton,patrolling 470 miles from Midway, sighted three ships and got a burst of anti-aircraft fire for his trouble. Eaton quickly radioed Midway with the first enemyship contact report of the battle. Seven hundred miles west of Midway, EnsignJack Reid flew his PBY-5A across a largely empty ocean, nearing the end of theoutward leg of his patrol. He found nothing of interest and started to turn back. .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 , .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .postImageUrl , .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 , .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122:hover , .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122:visited , .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122:active { border:0!important; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122:active , .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122 .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91016870431aa1f4d09117ebd5f11122:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: After Reconstruction EssayJust as he did, Reid saw some specks on the horizon 30 miles ahead. At first hethought they were dirt spots on the windshield. Then he looked again and shoutedto his co-pilot, Ensign Gerald Hardeman, Do you see what I see? Youre damnedright I do, Hardeman replied (Miracle 49). At 9:25 a.m., Reid radioed, Sightedmain body, to Midway and began tracking the Japanese ships. Midway ordered Reidto amplify his report, and at 9:27 he radioed, Bearing 262 degrees, distance700. At 10:40 he reported, Six large ships in column At 11 a.m., Elevenships, course 090 degrees, speed 19. At 11:30, Reid was ordered to return toMidway (Stevens 96). At 12:30, a flight of nine B-17 bombers, each armed withfour 600-pound bombs and led by Lt. Col. Walter C. Sweeney, took off (Lucas 28). Three-and-a-half hours later, the B-17s found the Japanese ships 570 miles fromMidway and attacked from out of the sun. Sweeney reported seeing two shipsburning after the strike. In reality, Sweeneys B-17s scored no hits on theJapanese ships, and the return flight to Midway proved every bit as harrowing asthe attack itself. With their fuel almost exhausted, the B-17s came within sightof Eastern Island at 8:30 p.m. The last Flying Fortress landed at 9:45 p.m. While Sweeneys B-17s returned from their attack, another strike of four PBYCatalinas, each armed with a torpedo and led by Lieutenant W.L. Richards, leftMidway at 9:15 p.m. to attack the Japanese. All four PBYs returned safely,claiming three torpedo hits. One torpedo hit the bow of the tanker Akebono Maru,killing 13 sailors and wounding 11; the transport Kiosumi Maru lost a fewcrewmen to strafing. June 4 began for Midways defenders at 3:00 a.m. withreveille. All gun positions on both islands were manned as pilots and aircrewsstood by their planes. At 4:00 a.m., six F4F Wildcats from Major Floyd B. RedParks VMF-221 took off on combat air patrol. They were followed by 11 PBYs fromVP-44, searching for the Japanese carriers, and 16 B-17s led by Sweeney thatwere to attempt another attack on the Japanese transports. At 4:30 a.m., thecarriers of Vice Adm. Chuichi Nagumos First Striking ForceAkagi, Kaga, Hiryuand Soryulaunched their aircraft. Fifteen minutes later, 36 Nakajima B5N2 Katetorpe do bombers, 36 Aichi D3A1 Val dive bombers and 36 Mitsubishi A6M2 Zerofighters were on their way to Midway. At 5:30, Lieutenant Howard P. Ady emergedfrom a cloud bank and spotted Nagumos carriers. Ady radioed Midway, Carrierbearing 320 degrees, distance 180. Ady ducked back into the clouds and circledthe Japanese fleet, radioing again, 0553, Two carriers and main body of ships,carriers in front, course 135 degrees, speed 34. Fifteen minutes after Adyssighting, Lt. j.g. William Chase, flying south of Adys sector, saw a formationof Japanese fighters and bombers. Chase quickly radioed: Many enemy planesheading Midway bearing 320 degrees, distance 150. On Midway, radar on SandIsland picked up the approaching Japanese planes at 5:53. Air raid sirens wailed,and all personnel raced to their dugouts and gun positions. Major Parks 21Buffaloes and six Wildcats scrambled into the air, followed by LieutenantFieberlings six TBFs and Captain Collins four B-26s. Major Hendersons divebombers were l ast to take off. By 6:16, all 66 of Midways aircraft wereairborne. While the bombers headed toward the Japanese carriers, Parks led sixBuffaloes and three Wildcats to intercept the 108 oncoming Japanese planes. Captain John Carey, leading the three Wildcats in Parks flight, was first tosight the Japanese. Tallyho! Hawks at angels twelve! Carey radioed. TheJapanese bombers flew in a large V formation, trailed by gaggles of Zeros. Careyrolled his Wildcat and screamed into the V, blowing a Kate apart with hisfour.50-caliber machine guns, then zoomed up for another attack. Japanese reargunners raked his Wildcat, riddling Careys legs. Second Lieutenant Clayton M. Canfield followed Carey into his attack, destroying a Kate. Canfield saw Zerosdiving on him. A 20mm cannon shell damaged his Wildcat, and he pulled up intothe clouds and lost his pursuers. Coming out of the clouds, Canfield joinedCarey and led him back to Midway. Captain Marion E. Carl, flying the thirdWildcat, was jumped by several Zeros after attacking the Kates and was forced tobreak off his attack. While the Wildcats fought for their lives, Parks led hissix Buffaloes in an attack on the Kates. The Marines managed one pass beforethey were overwhelmed by the Zeros. Parks and four other Marines were killed. Only Lieutenant Daniel J. Irwin survived. He managed to fly his damaged Buffaloback to Midway with Zeros after him all the way. Their gunnery was very good,Irwin reported, and I doubt if on any run they missed hitting my plane. VMF-221s 12 reserve fighters, led by Captains Daniel J. Hennessy and Kirk Armstead,also attacked the Japanese planes (Lucas 104). Hennessys six Buffaloes smashedinto the bombers and were jumped by the escorting Zeros, which destroyed four ofthem. Only two of Hennessys men survived. Armsteads Buffaloes intercepted theJapanese a few miles from Midway and downed three Kates before the rampagingZeros destroyed three of them. Observing the dogfight from the ground,Lieutenant Charles Hughes said that the Buffaloes looked like they were tied toa string while the Zeros made passes at them. The Japanese pushed relentlesslytoward Midway. To Marine Pfc Phillip Clark at D Battery on Sand Island, theJapanese formations looked like three wisps of clouds far out on the horiz on.On Sand and Eastern, the Marines and sailors waited for the attack. An observermarveled at the very calmlackadaisical air with which the defenders waitedfor the strike, as though they had been living through this sort of thing alltheir lives(Stevens 98). Open fire when targets are in range, 6th Battalionheadquarters notified all guns at 6:30 a.m. One minute later, Midways gunsopened fire. A Kate erupted into flames and dove straight down. A second Katecrashed into the lagoon, missing the PT-boats. The remaining Kates struck SandIsland, destroying three oil tanks and setting fire to a seaplane hangar. Theattack on Eastern Island began with an unforgettable incident. Suddenly theleading Jap plane peeled off, an eyewitness wrote. He dove down about 100 feetfrom the ground, turned over on his back and proceeded leisurely flying upsidedown over the ramp. The Marines watched for a few seconds, then opened fire andshot him down. Val dive bombers struck VMF-221s arming pit, killing fourm echanics and exploding eight 100-pound bombs and 10,000 rounds of .50-calibermachine-gun ammunition. Another Val demolished Easterns powerhouse, disruptingMidways electricity and water distillation plant. Japanese efforts to renderEasterns runways useless were unsuccessful; only two small craters were left onthe landing strips. Midways defenders fought back with everything they had. Major Dorn E. Arnold of the 6th Defense Battalion fired a Browning AutomaticRifle at the enemy; a sailor on Sand Island used a Colt .45. Second LieutenantElmer Thompson and another Marine fired a .30-caliber machine gun from acrippled SB2U. The Japanese attack ended at 6:48 a.m. The all-clear sounded onMidway at 7:15, and the process of picking up the pieces began. Kimes orderedVMF-221s fighters to land. Six Buffaloes staggered in. Including four aircraftthat landed during the raid, only 20 U.S. fighters had survived. Of those, onlyone Wildcat and a single Buffalo were fit to fly. Fifteen Buffaloes and twoWildcats were shot down, and 13 pilots were killed. Eleven Japanese aircraftwere downed by the fighters and anti-aircraft fire, while 53 were damaged. Colonel Shannons trenches, bunkers and revetments proved effective. Only 11 ofMidways ground defenders were killed and 18 wounded. None of Midways planeswere caught on the ground except for an old utility biplane and a decoy planemade of crates and tin roofing called the JFU (Jap fouler-upper)(Robertson 15). While Midway repaired its damage and its defenders licked their wounds, theaircraft that were sent out to attack the Japanese carriers made contact. Lieutenant Langdon Fieberlings six TBFs reached the Japanese fleet at 7:10,dropped to low altitude and bore on toward the carriers. So many Zeros swarmedaround the vulnerable torpedo planes that the fighters got in each others way. Two TBFs were destroyed in the first attack, followed by three more. Realizingthat he could not reach the carriers, Ensign Albert K. Earnest loosed historpedo at a cruiser, then broke away with two Zeros after him. Earnest flew hisshot-up TBF back to Midway, navigating by guess and by God. Close behind theTBFs, Captain James Collins led his four B-26 Marauders into a gauntlet of anti-aircraft fire and six Zeros. Collins led his planes down to 200 feet above thewater and, followed by Lieutenant James P. Muri, pressed on toward the carrierAkagi. Collins released his torpedo 850 yards from the carrier and pulled away. .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca , .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .postImageUrl , .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca , .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca:hover , .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca:visited , .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca:active { border:0!important; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca:active , .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8616b8c5345fafa7c6bdf5f1d16a5ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism EssayMuri released his torpedo at 450 yards, then turned and flew down the middle ofAkagis flight deck. Once Muris B-26 was clear of Akagi, the Zeros attackedwith a vengeance, wounding two crewmen and riddling the landing gear, fuel tanks,propeller blades, radio and the top of one wing. Despite that punishment, Muriand Collins were the only survivors of the four-plane B-26 group. Then, at 7:48,the TBF and B-26 attacks were followed by VMSB-241s 16 Dauntless and Vindicatordive bombers led by Major Lofton Henderson. Henderson had divided the squadroninto two flights, leading the SBDs himself while Major Benjamin W. Norris ledthe Vindicators. As Henderson led the squad ron northwest, the faster Dauntlessessoon left the Vindicators behind. Hendersons SBDs got their first look at theJapanese carriers at 7:25, and he radioed his Dauntless pilots, Attack the twoenemy CV on the port bow. Henderson had led his squadron down to 4,000 feetwhen the Japanese combat air patrol attacked. The Dauntlesses also met withheavy anti-aircraft fire from the Japanese ships. Hendersons plane was hit, andhis port wing caught fire. He tried to keep his burning Dauntless in the lead,but finally lost control and plunged into the sea. Captain Elmer C. Gliddenquickly took command of the Dauntlesses. Fighter attacks were heavy, he wrote,so I led the squadron down through a protecting layer of clouds(Stevens 102). The Zeros followed the Marines into the clouds. Glidden came out of the cloudsand found two Japanese carriers, Kaga and Hiryu, 2,000 feet below. The 10remaining Dauntlesses dived to 500 feet or lower before releasing their bombs,then sped away at full throttle, hounded by Zeros. Three SBDs crashed at seanear Midway. Their crews were later rescued. The remaining six, some badly shotup, reached Midway. Eight SBDs, including Hendersons, were lost, with theJapanese sustaining no damage. Sweeneys 15 Flying Fortresses arrived overNagumos fleet at 8:10, as the Dauntlesses finished their attacks. Seen from20,000 feet, the Japanese fleet was an astonishing sight, recalled B-17 pilotDon Kundinger. A panoramic view of the greatest array of surface vessels any ofus had ever seenthey seemed to stretch endlessly from horizon to horizon.Each three-plane B-17 element attacked on its own. Lieutenant Colonel BrookeAllens element unloaded its bombs on the carrier Soryu, but all fell short. Sweeney targeted Kaga, bracketing her stern with, he believed, one bomb hitcausing heavy smoke (Robertson 22). Three Zeros ganged up on Captain CecilFaulkeners bomber, riddling its fuselage and wounding the tail gunner. AnotherZero dueled with Captain Paul Paynes Fortress but never closed in. The Zerosbarely touched the B-17s, Captain Paul Gregory reported. Enemy pursuitappeared to have no desire to close on B-17E modified(Young 25). The B-17sfinished their attack by 8:20 and returned to Midway. Sweeney believed his B-17shad hit at least one of the Japanese carriers. In reality, they had not. Shortlyafter the B-17s left, Major Benjamin Norris 11 Vindicators arrived and Zerosswarmed over them(Miracle 45). Norris, with no illusions about his oldVibrators, decided not to press on toward the carriers. He led his men intosome clouds. Coming out of the cloud cover, Norris discovered a battleship below. It was Haruna, supposedly sunk in December 1941. Attack target below, Norrisradioed, and he led the Vindicators into a high-speed glide. Anti-aircraft gunson Haruna opened fire with an extremely heavy and troublesome but inaccuratebarrage(Stevens 121). Only two of Major Norris Vindicators were lost duringthe attack. Three ditched at sea near Midway because of battle damage. Despitereports that they had scored two direct hits and three near-misses, theVindicator pilots had not even scratched Haruna. If the Battle of Midway hadended with the return of VMSB-241s Vindicators, it would have been anothervictory for the Japanese. Midway had sent 52 aircraft against the Japanese andlost 19 without scoring a single hit. From the time of the attack and the knownposition of the enemy carriers, we estimated they would be back in three or fourhours, Kimes wrote (Stevens 54). Only six Dauntlesses, seven Vindicators, oneBuffalo and a single Wildcat were left to oppose the Japanese. The defenders of Midway steadied themselves for another air raid. Nothing happened. The onlyaircraft to show up were 11 Dauntlesses from the carrier Hornet at 11:00 a.m. Some Marine gunners, believing they were Japanese planes, opened fire on theSBDs before recognizing their silhouettes. The Dauntlesses were refueled andback in the air by 2:00 p.m. At 3:58, Midways defenders received an indicationthat the Japanese were taking a beating when a PBY pilot reported three burningships. At 5:45 he reported, The three burning ships are Jap carriers. Thestricken vesselsAkagi, Kaga and Soryuwere the victims of SBD Dauntlessesfrom the American carriers Enterprise and Yorktown. At the same time out at sea,B-17s from Midway, along with six more Flying Fortresses from Hawaii, attackedthe Japanese carrier Hiryu, which had been damaged and set afire by dive bombersfrom Enterprise and Hornet. The B-17s claimed hitting the burning Hiryu, as wellas a cruiser and battleship, and sinking a destroyer. In fact, the land-basedbombers were no more successful in the afternoon than they had been in themorning. With all four of Nagumos carriers destroyed, Yamamoto decided he c ouldnot proceed with his plan to occupy Midway, and ordered his fleet to withdraw. Midways defenders, however, still expected the Japanese to invade. CaptainSimard dispersed his PBYs, evacuated nonessential personnel and warned his PT-boats to expect a night attack. At 1:20 a.m., the Japanese submarine I-168opened fire on Midway with its 5-inch deck gun. Batteries B and E on EasternIsland, along with Battery D on Sand Island, returned fire with their 3- and 5-inch guns, lobbing 42 shells at I-168, which lobbed eight shells back. The briefexchange resulted in no damage to either side. Most of I-168s shells fell inthe lagoon. The submarine submerged at 1:28, the Marine gunners ceased firingand Midway settled back into uneasy silence (Miracle 68). June 5, 1942, beganfor Midways defenders at 4:15 a.m., after Sand Islands radio picked up areport from the submarine USS Tambor of a large enemy force possibly withinstriking distance. The Midway garrison still had every reason to believe that aninvasion was imminent. Within 15 minutes, eight B-17s took off from EasternIslan d to counter the threat. The Army pilots could not locate the enemy shipsin the early morning fog, and by 6:00 a.m. the B-17s were circling nearby KureAtoll waiting for information. At 6:30, a Midway-based PBY reported, Sighted 2battleships bearing 256 degrees, distance 125 miles, course 268 degrees, speed15. Two minutes later the PBY added, Ships damaged, streaming oil. TheJapanese ships were retreating, and the islands defenders breathed a collectivesigh of relief. Marine Aircraft Group 22 sent up two flights from VMSB-241, sixDauntlesses under Captain Marshall A. Tyler and six Vindicators led by CaptainRichard E. Flemming, to attack the two battleships, actually the heavycruisers Mikuma and Mogami, damaged in a collision the night before. Forty-fiveminutes later, the Marine pilots spotted the oil slick left by the damagedcruisers and followed it to Mogami and Mikuma. Tyler led his six Dauntlessesinto an attack on Mogami amid heavy anti-aircraft fire. The Marines droppedtheir bomb s, scoring a few near-misses. At 8:40, minutes after Tylers attack,Flemming led his Vindicators out of the sun, through heavy flak from theJapanese ships, against Mikuma. Captain Leon M. Williamson, a pilot inFlemmings flight, saw Flemmings engine smoking during his dive. As Flemmingpulled out, his Vindicator burst into flames. Flemmingeither by accident ordesigncrashed his blazing Vindicator into Mikumas aft 8-inch gun turret. Thecrash started a fire that was sucked into the cruisers starboard engine roomair intakes, suffocating the engineers. After the Marines finished their attacks,the eight B-17s from Midway, led by Lt. Col. Brooke Allen, appeared and droppedtheir bombs, scoring a near-miss on Mogami. The damaged cruisers continuedlimping westward, and Mikuma sank at sunset the next day after attacks byaircraft from Enterprise and Hornet. At 10:45 on June 6, 1942, Captain Simarddispatched 26 B-17s from Midway in search of Japanese cruisers reported headingsouthwest. The bombers did not locate the cruisers, but six B-17s dropped theirbombs on what they thought was a Japanese ship. The pilots reported that theyhad hit a cruiser, which sunk in seconds. It was actually the submarine USSGrayling, which submerged when the Flying Fortresses dropped their bombs. WhileMidways bombers continued attacking the retreating Japanese, Simard had hisPBYs and PT-boats searching for downed pilots. Between June 4 and 9, MidwaysPBYs picked up 27 airmen. By June 7, it had become apparent that Midway wassecure. The islands garrison, for all the damage it had suffered, hadcontributed its fair share to the victory over the Japanese. This Battle hadended the Japanese offensive in the pacific ocean. Category: History