The Electronic Cigarette

Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, have become increasingly popular in recent years. Regular cigarette smoking has been on the decline due to many factors including price, health risks, and the fact that most public places no longer allow indoor smoking; making it an inconvenience to step outside and light one up. The convenience, affordability, and health benefits are just a number of reasons the electronic cigarette is rising in popularity. A comparison between e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes show a number of similarities and differences. E-cigarettes offer the same amount of nicotine regular cigarettes do, thus satisfying a smokers nicotine craving that is attributed with cigarette smoking. E-cigarettes just about look, feel, and weigh about as much as a real cigarette, so puffing on one won't feel foreign to the seasoned smoker. Smoking regularly can get pretty expensive and buying the e-cigarette start up kit can be just as expensive too. As a smoker myself, I have noticed a number of differences between cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The taste of a regular cigarette to me is much more satisfying than that of an e-cigarette. E-cigarettes lack the authentic tobacco taste that cigarettes have and this leads to a less pleasing smoking experience. Cigarette smoke is full of harmful toxins, whereas e-cigarettes have about 1,000 times less toxins and there is no smoke, only water vapor. This leads to why most people who aren't ready to fully quit smoking, to start smoking e-cigarettes. Cigarette smoking is also very expensive, whereas e-cigarettes require quite a heavy initial investment at first, around $100 for the start up kit, they pay for themselves in the long run and end up saving you money over time.

Assessment in Early Childhood Essay

According to Ann Landers, it is not what you do for your children, but what you have taught them to do for themselves, that will make them successful human beings. The subject of children’s achievement and performance in school, and even before school, has received increasing public attention during the latter 1980s and early 1990s. Over the years educators has seek various methods of assessment to evaluate students. According to Pett, (1990), educators use the term Authentic Assessment to define the practice of realistic student involvement in evaluation of their own achievement. One method of Authentic Assessment is to assemble and review a portfolio of the child’s work. Venn, (2000), stated that portfolio is a systematic collection of students work and related materials that depicts a student’s activities, accomplishment and achievement in one or more areas of the curriculum. In this era performance assessment related to the monitoring of students’ mastery of a core curriculum, portfolios can enhance the assessment process by revealing a range of skills and understandings of young children in Early Childhood Education. The wide use of portfolio can stimulate a shift in classroom practices and education polices. According to Meisels and Steele (1991), portfolios enable children to participate in assessing their own work, keep track of individual children’s progress and provide a basis for evaluating the quality of individual children’s overall performance. There are many benefits of using portfolios in the early childhood classroom. Portfolio assessment has become widely used in educational settings as a way to examine and measure children’s progress, by documenting the process of learning or changes as it occurs. For example if parents feel the need to evaluate their child’s progress in the classroom; the portfolio will be available for this purpose. Hence, with the aid of the teacher and evidence of their child’s portfolio parent will have an understanding of how their child is performing. Another benefit of using the portfolio is that it gives students the opportunity to have extensive input into the learning process and shows depth in their work. According to Murphy and Smith (1990), portfolios can be intended to motivate students and promote learning through reflection and self-assessment. Involving students in selecting their own pieces which are done without pressure and time constrains allow them to assess and give themselves a better understanding of their own work and identify what are their strengths and weaknesses. For example little Johnny is in K2 and his class teacher Miss McLaughlin gives him Art pieces to do on Fridays, at the end of doing all those pieces little Johnny was given the opportunity to choose his favourite piece and tell why he choose that sample of work. On-going feedback is another benefit that portfolio provides. In the early childhood classroom portfolio contains a wide variety of work samples, including successive drafts of work on particular projects/theme in the curriculum. Hence, while evaluating students’ progress, teachers would be able to conclusions about a child’s abilities, achievement, weaknesses, strengths and needs. The conclusion will be based on the child’s development, documentations made in the portfolio and on the teacher’s knowledge of curriculum and stages of development. Finally, when the evaluation progress is completed the teacher can use portfolios to provide students general feedback about the quality of their work; in addition this portfolio can be displayed during parent-teacher association (P. T. A) meetings. Students can also select pieces of their work to include in the portfolio. This encourages students to reflect on their past work and gather useful guidelines for improvement. For instance, kindergarteners are at the pre writing level, hence they tend to complete more hands-on and concrete work at this stage. The facilitator may take a photograph of a child’s completed block structure during the first, second or third semester of the year to show the child’s progress in development. Many teachers use portfolios to evaluate how a student progresses over an extended period of time. The portfolio normally contains the best samples of work done by a student, as well as various students’ work that most demonstrate their strengths and skills. It should be noted that all materials placed in a portfolio should be organized by chronological order and or categorized. Meisels and Steele (1991) believe that the materials placed in the portfolio should be organized in accordance to curriculum area or category of development, such as cognitive, gross motor, fine motor and so forth. Once the portfolio is organized, the teacher can evaluate the child’s achievements. Appropriate evaluation should always be done by the teacher in regards to the comparison of the child’s current work to his or her previous work. When the teacher is evaluating, he or she will be able to draw conclusions about a child’s abilities, achievement, weaknesses, strengths and needs. The conclusion will be based on the child’s development, documentations made in the portfolio and on the teacher’s knowledge of curriculum and stages of development. Finally, when the evaluation progress is completed the teacher can use portfolios to provide students general feedback about the quality of their work; in addition this portfolio can be displayed during parent-teacher association (P. T. A) meetings. Students can also select pieces of their work to include in the portfolio. This encourages students to reflect on their past work and gather useful guidelines for improvement.

Tefl Teaching English to Young Learners

Teaching English to Young Learners with GO TEFL Result: 81% Assignment Answer the following questions based on your course readings for this module. (100 marks) Part 1: This section covers multiple choice type questions. Choose the correct answer from the possible answers provided. 1. What is one of the main differences between children and adult EFL students? (1) 1. Children are more likely to be forced to attend the classes. 2. Games are effective for children but not effective for adults. 3. It is more important to create the need to learn in adults than in children. .Which of the following is true? (1) 1. Teaching children should be based on improvisation. 2. Children should be taught only through games. 3. It is essential to plan your lessons thoroughly when teaching children. 3. What is important to do in the first class where you teach the letter ‘o'? (1) 1. to associate it with one sound and a word, for example ‘orange', through the use of flash cards 2. to associ ate it with at least two sounds and at least two words, such as ‘orange' and ‘open', through the use of flash cards 3. o teach the name of the letter ‘O' in the alphabet and get the students to repeat a word with ‘o' after you, for example ‘orange' 4. Which of the following is a phonic: (1) 1. the sound  as in ‘jet’; 2. the letter ‘j’; 3. ‘jay’ Choose one answer. 1. a. both 1 and 3 2. only 1 3. only 2 5. You are introducing the letter ‘i’. You have just drilled the word ‘lip’.When will you drill the word ‘bike’? (1) 1. immediately 2. later in the same class 3. in a later class 6. You have just finished teaching single-letter vowel sounds to your students. Which of these sounds is a suitable choice to focus on in your next lesson? 1) 1. ‘ea’ as in ‘eagle’ 2. ‘th’ as in ‘thing’ 3. ‘s’ as in ‘sand’ 7. What is the double-letter sound in the word ‘headline’? (1) 1. he 2. ea 3. in 8. When is the best time to introduce the plural form of nouns? (1) 1. together with the singular form 2. in students’ second year of studying English 3. together with numerals 9. What is the best way of teaching children to pronounce the word ‘road'? (1) 1. first drill ‘r-r-r’, then ‘o-o-o’, then ‘a-a-a’, then ‘oa-oa-oa’, then ‘d-d-d’, finally drill the sounds together ‘road-road-road’ 2. irst drill ‘r-r-r’, then ‘oa-oa-oa’, then ‘d-d-d’, then drill the sounds together ‘road-road-road’   3. first drill the letters ‘ar-ar-ar’, then ‘ou-ou-ou’, then ‘ei-ei-ei’, then ‘dee-dee-dee’, then drill the word ‘road-road-road’. 10. Francis has asked her colleagues some advice on how to teach writi ng to her young students. Here is the advice three of them gave: (1)Fenton: â€Å"Get them to imagine that the whiteboard is a page from their exercise-books and demonstrate to them on the board where to begin writing letters/words and how to write them. Deon: â€Å"Teach them two ways of writing each letter but not at the same time – first teach all the letters in upper case, then all the letters in lower case. † Kate: â€Å"Show them how some letters fit between two lines while others reach the higher line or the lower line. † Whose advice is incorrect? 1. Fenton’s 2. Deon’s 3. Kate’s 11. You are a little frustrated because your students speak too much native language in class. They know that you understand their language, so you realise they do not feel motivated enough to speak English.How can you encourage them to speak only English in class? 1) 1. introduce a punishment for using the native language 2. do drilling for most of the less on; as they repeat after you, they won’t get an opportunity to use their native language 3. introduce a puppet to them, tell the students that the puppet can only speak and understand English and use the puppet throughout the lesson   12. It will probably be impossible for you to keep young learners enthusiastic about learning English if you: (1) 1. don’t give them any praise. 2. don’t let them use their native language. 3. don’t use any gap-fill activities. 3. If you have a student who repeatedly misbehaves and disrupts lessons, which of the following courses of action could be reasonable and effective? (1) 1. discourage the other students from associating with him/her both during and after classes 2. talk loudly and angrily to the child 3. meet with the child’s parents 14. Annette has selected these three structures to teach 5 year-old children in their first year of learning English: (1) 1. ‘Which do you like better, †¦ or †¦? ‘ 2. The past simple of regular and irregular verbs 3. ‘Have you ever been to†¦'Are all those structures suitable for learners of that level? 1. Yes, they are. 2. Structures 1 and 3 are suitable but structure 2 is not. 3. None of the structures are suitable as they are above the students’ level. 15. What is the recommended duration of each activity in a lesson with young learners? (1) 1. 2 minutes 2. 5 minutes 3. 10 minutes Part 2: In this section, questions are generally more open-ended and require a lot of thought. In your responses, particularly those requiring extended writing, please feel free to write more than is required. 1.Think of a game or activity which could help young learners develop their speaking skills (do not use those already mentioned in the module) and describe, step by step, how you would play it with your class. Note: in this game/activity the learners should talk to each other using sentences rather than single words. (Write about 100 words. ) (15) Circular group talking with a ball The young learners get into a circle of four in order to pass the ball to each other. Everyone gets a turn to communicate their name, age, favorite animal†¦ a) Sarah says Hello, What’s your name? b) Patrick says; â€Å"Hello, My name is Patrick! passes the ball to Emma, â€Å"What’s your name? † Emma replies; â€Å"My name is Emma! † c) â€Å"Sarah, How old are you? † Sarah replies; â€Å"I am six years old! † d) (If there is time and depending on the level of English)â€Å"Mary, What’s your favorite farm animal? † Patrick says â€Å"My favorite farm animal is the cow moo, moo! Emma, What’s your favorite farm animal? † Emma replies; â€Å"Me, I like dogs â€Å"woof, woof† This activity gets all the young learners actively involved. They practically sing the sentences to each other (drilling). 2. Describe, step by step, how you would teach the followin g structures.Include any visual aids you would use, what drilling (repetition) you would do and what your instructions would be. You don’t have to write a full lesson plan or activities. Write about 100 words for each structure. 1. Structure 1: Where is it? It’s on/in/under†¦ (15) By using Realia For example: playing hide and seek with a ball while simultaneously using the appropriate phrases and demonstrating their meaning. a) (Teacher hides the ball under the table) â€Å"Where is the ball? It‘s on the chair, in the bag or under the table†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Students reply; â€Å"The ball is under the table, Teacher† ) The young learners repeat the phrases and then take turns hiding the ball. c) Patrick (hides the ball); â€Å"Where is the ball? † Sarah replies, â€Å"It’s in the bag†. d) Sarah (hinds the ball) and asks â€Å"Mary, Where is the ball? † Mary replies, â€Å"it’s on Patrick’s chair†. By playi ng hide and seek (repetitiion/drilling) this enables the children to have fun while learning. 2. Structure 2: How many†¦ are there? There are†¦ (15) a) Again with Realia, I start by demonstrating with sweets (amusing item for sweet tooths) â€Å"How many sweets are there in my hand? Students reply â€Å"There are three sweets in your hand teacher†.Repeating these actions until they become familiar with the phrases. b) And then, I send a bag of sweets around the class so each young learner gets a turn (to correct themselves). c) Every student offers some sweets from the bag to his/her classmate. Each student takes a handful of sweets and counts them. Then asks his/her classmate: â€Å"How many sweets are there in my hand, Sarah? † â€Å"There are two sweets in your hand Patrick. .† d) And so on around the classroom until all the students are comfortable (drilled) with these expressions. 3. Structure 3: Can you†¦? Yes, I can/No I can’t. 15) a) First of all, I give the class an example-context: Realia with a cell phone as children enjoy imitating adults on the phone. â€Å"Hello Mary, It’s Sarah, Can you come to the Cinema on Saturday? † â€Å"Yes I can come to the cinema on Saturday Sarah† Or â€Å"No I can’t Sarah† . b) I ask the students to repeat these phrases a couple of times-drilling. c) And then, I ask them to get into small groups of 3/4 d) And ask them to use other examples of what they like to do on Saturdays: play tennis, football etc. â€Å"Can you come to football on Saturday? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes, I can come to play football on Saturday† No, I can’t. † e) Then back within the whole group, I check the comprehension with more questions around the class to make sure everyone can say and understand (drilled) these phrases. Teacher says; â€Å"Brendan can you ask Sarah can she come to class tomorrow? † â€Å"Sarah replies, yes I can come to class tomo rrow, Brendan! † 3. Read the section (2. Planning an interesting lesson) at the end of the module and imagine you are giving the next lesson to the same class. Your aim is to teach the following set of new double letter sounds: (25) ai as   in sail ay as in tray ir as in girl a as in boat Write a lesson plan according to the same model. The time and level are the same and your aims will be to teach a new set of double letter sounds. Please use as much as you can from the different parts of this module and include a varied range of activities. Total  [100 marks] Using Presentation Practice Production (PPP) as my teaching model. IntroductionStagePresentationSetting the context| First of all, I briefly revise and verify that the students have understood the previously learnt single letter sounds to get them into the context for today’s lesson.In order to set the context (double letter sounds), I show the students a set of flashcards –the students are given the t ime to name the noun (teamwork) and learn new vocabulary. ai – sail ay – tray ir – girl oa – boat Demonstrating these nouns with flashcards allows me to keep my Teacher Talk Time (TTT) low and can prompt the students when they do not know the pronounciation of the double letter sounds. This way I can identify the level of the different students. | Eliciting the target| I send the flashcards around the class so each member gets a chance to attempt to say the words. Sail†, â€Å"tray†, â€Å"girl†, â€Å"boat†The students become more confident when they repeat the nouns individually. This will help them realize that they are capable of pronouncing double letter sounds and encourage them to learn new vocabulary. And then as a whole class we repeat together once again. I encourage the students to feel free to communicate within the group and participate in each others learning. | Concept checking| Once the double letter sounds have been drilled, I ask Concept Checking Questions (CCQs) to make sure that the students have understood the targeted word meaning.I continue to incorporate drilling during this stage. Examples:Is Sarah a boy or a â€Å"girl†? What does a sailorman do? â€Å"Sails a boat† In a restaurant we serve with a â€Å" tray†| Drilling and furtherconcept checking| Using different interactions and teamwork with the aid of the flashcards Examples: All the boys please : â€Å"Sail† All the girls please: â€Å" boat†All the boys, what is the girl holding? â€Å"the girl is holding a tray†All the girls please, What does a Sailorman do? â€Å"Sails a boat†Ã¢â‚¬Å" All the students beside the window please? boat â€Å"etcThis enables me to check the level of the pronunciation that the students use so that they can use them in the following activities. | Board work| The students are invited up to the board in groups of four to form the words. The double le tters are in red: ai, ay, ir, oa and they must find the other letters (previously learnt) from the alphabet to build the spelling of the words sail, girl, tray and boat. We all correct the board work together as a class and then, I add the phonetic script next to the noun on the board. PracticePractice Activity (1)| Now that the class feels comfortable with these double letter sounds, the students can work in small groups. I randomly ask members of the class that need more practice to fill in the gaps. Pictures from a book shown to the class, randomly the teacher asks questions like â€Å"What is the girl holding student replies (with help from another classmate if needed): â€Å"the girl is holding a tray†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Can you describe the image you see here? †Reply: â€Å"The boat is sailing in the sea†I make sure to praise the students that make efforts to communicate.I then give each person a page from the book and individually ask them to describe the image with t he nouns they have just learnt. | Practice Activity (2)| First, I explain that they are going to get into groups of three and think of a song with the nouns. I double check that the students understand the activity. I give them three minutes to complete the task. Using Realia: each group are given an objet: boat, Barbie doll girl, boat with a sail, a kitchen tray and they must try and think of a song with the item (noun) they have chosen:boat, girl, sail, tray I stay available to help each group if they need more motivation or ideas.When time is up, I ask one person out of each group if they want to be a team leader and present briefly their ideas of their song with the noun. The feedback involves the students reading out the answers. And then I use self and peer correction to drill the words that the students had problems with during the task. | Language Review| In order to continue drilling the double letter sounds and revise the songs they just imagined. The children then listen and sing along to the following songs on a CD player.This allows them to revise their pronunciation and the meaning of the nouns that they have just learnt. â€Å"The big ship sails on the ally ally oh†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’m a Barbie Girl†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Little Gingerbread Men (lying on a tray)†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Row, Row, Row Your Boat†(If time and the young learners are still quite energetic they can line up sitting behind one and other on the floor and demonstrate â€Å"the row, row, row your boat† while singing the song)- drillingAn enjoyable ending to the class! |

Paper 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paper 3 - Essay Example In essence, murder is unethical, immoral, improper, and unjustifiable. It is also inhumane, and unacceptable for the following reasons. The societal norms forbid that any man should not by whatever means contribute to the death of a fellow being. In essence, murder is an evil practice that which no one should opt to as a way of solving a problem. As a matter of principle, committing murder is not an option for me, as I would not prefer another person to end my life prematurely. The law permits that settlement of disputed need to follow a certain procedure and that no citizen should take matters in to their own hands. Therefore, what society condemns falls under the category of evil and not good. Subsequently, the consequences involved are shuttering as the offenders pay a heavy price. In many instances, the judgment imposed may at times be a life sentence. The separation from their families and the society that the individuals experience is one of the consequences that make me view this as improper. Essentially, people that commit murder become outcasts and do not freely mingle with members of the society. In contrast, ethics lead us to moral principles. One chooses whether to adhere to the societal ethics or to live as per their free will. At whatever cost, human dignity and the rights of individuals need, upholding at all times. Moral principles focus on what an individual should do rather than what they should be (Thomson 13). An objection to my claim would be that an individual might commit this crime simply because they may or may not reasonable proof to justify their actions. To society, t his heinous act may be unforgivable, but may be when they access information on the events leading to the act they might change their moral stand and justify the

U.S. History project 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S. History project 1 - Essay Example The perspective of persecuting people who belonged to the other religions motivated hundreds and thousands of people to leave their homes and migrate. People escaping these punishments being conducted by the authorities of the King Charles I mostly settled in the province of Maryland. This religious freedom was the main reason that helped establishing colonies in America which also affected the economic, social and political development in America. Therefore, diversity became the identity of the American nation. Although every individual had the freedom to practice their religion as they pleased but some people looked badly upon other religions. One of them were the close-minded New English settlers in America, it was a good and bad thing at the same time because they brought the other settlers together which later on shaped colonies but it also pushed outsiders away. These colonies accepted many other churches because of the cultural diversity. This proves that these people had much importance for religion and migrating to America provided then the incentive to practice their religion as they pleased. Religion was the basis that brought people together from other countries that belonged to a common religion. The time of the â€Å"great Awakening† when occurred in the mid of the 18th century it provided more reasons and chances to the people to practice their religion. Preachers travelled from town to town and inspired people to accept their religion. As many people believe that religion was the case that sparked revolution in England, at the same time there is a never ending debate that economics was the reason. It is valid to say that not only religious freedom was the cause; in fact economic factor was also a major aspect in the English Revolution that encouraged colonial development in North America. The statement that â€Å"the economic concerns were the major contributor for bring in British settlers† cannot be denied. These economic concern s mostly outweighed the religious concerns for British North America. Christopher Columbus used a term â€Å"New World† for the unexplored lands of North and South America. The economic concerns of the British formed the English colonies in North America; these economic concerns included exploring lands for acquiring the reserves of gold and silver. It also included a waterway that connected North America to China and also for countering dominance of any other nation in North America. The English also sought for obtaining the essential raw materials in North America that they had to buy from the European countries for large amounts of money and gold. Apart from getting a hold of the lands and acquiring valuable resources of North America, English migrates also had other plans like England needed to renew some of its assets to export them to other countries. They also wanted to help them maintain their powerful naval forces through making business ties with the prospect of flo urishing their economy by providing help to the unemployed. Therefore, it is true that both factors motivated British to migrate to North America and establish colonies. PART 2 There are multitude of reason to justify American rebel against the English empire, things that kept adding up to their frustration and then resulted in becoming a painful historical event. It is true that the American colonists

Implicit and explicit personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Implicit and explicit personality - Essay Example motivated by the fact that people express themselves differently within themselves and outwards depending on their personality and the self perception on aggressiveness (Frost, Ko and James, 2007, p. 1305). Through a methodological investigation, the study found out that the hypothesized model of interactive combination of explicit and implicit personalities and the demonstration of aggressiveness is significant in the determination of behavior. The study revealed that people who perceived themselves as being aggressive are attracted to aggressive behaviors especially overt aggression. Therefore people who think that they are capable of being aggressive are more likely to be involved in actions that are considered to be aggressive. The study also found out that people who thinks about themselves as being less aggressive or not aggressive at all but are implicitly aggressive demonstrate aggressive behavior in passive forms. On the other hand, individuals whose implicit personality are less aggressive but believe that they are hostile or confrontational are more likely to engage in verbal forms of aggression as the most appropriate way of expressing their feelings (Frost, Ko and James, 2007, p. 1307). The comparison of the study with prior investigations and the various models enabled the study to determine how implicit and explicit personalities determine the manner in which people think of themselves. This in return was found to be the explanation for the manner in which aggressive behavior of an individual is expressed. The implicit personalities are recommended to psychologist as significant in explaining aggression rather than the reliance of the explicit demonstrations of one’s personality and its implication in expression of aggression. The combination of self reported and implicit personalities in the study is significant because it helps in the understanding of the reasons why the expression of people’s aggression is diverse within organizations and

Socio-Technical Systems Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socio-Technical Systems - Term Paper Example The most significant characteristic of a Socio-Technical is that â€Å"it values both effectiveness and humankind†. Such a system is important because it works in a way that can eliminate the unethical aspects of technology. It works to attain technological brilliance and an enhanced and quality work from labor force. It scrutinizes different projects thoroughly before working on them in order to cut down their negative and unscrupulous traits. Such a system works according to the modern world by taking advantage technology but on the other hand these systems also consider individual welfare. By compiling human force and technology such system builds up a ground which can develop and prosper easily if it uses its human and technological resources efficiently. Joint collaboration, communication and cooperation are major goals of a socio-technical system. Some common examples of socio-technical systems are a factory and a hospital where a variety of employees work together under different groups and teams and use technical equipment such as spinning machines or X-Ray machines etc to perform their tasks. Collaboration and agreement between the members of these groups and teams are necessary for fluid operating system.

Low Life Expectancy in the Developing World Essay

Low Life Expectancy in the Developing World - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  life expectancy of different countries is different. Developed countries normally have better life expectancy because of the better care it provides to the wellbeing of its citizens. On the other hand, developing countries or underdeveloped countries cannot spend much on the health care sector and subsequently the people in these countries may have a low life expectancy compared to that in the developed countries. African countries are famous for low life expectancy not because of poor economy alone, but because of the life styles also.As the paper highlights  the increasing number of severe diseases is the major reason for low life expectancy.   AIDS, Heart attacks, cancer, stroke, high blood pressure, Cholesterol, diabetics are some of the major diseases which lowers the life expectancy of the developing world. Cancer is one of the major problems in the developing world.  Africa is a continent which is infamous for AUDS problems. Afric ans, have poor habits in their sexual life and they do not care much about the consequences while engage in unsafe sexual activities. â€Å"Sub-Saharan Africa is more heavily affected by HIV and AIDS than any other region of the world. An estimated 22.5 million people are living with HIV in the region - around two thirds of the global total†.  The African culture and life styles are major culprits for the increased AIDS problems in this region. Africans are fun loving people and they have the habit of unsafe sex.

He impact of IT in branding for the teenage market Research Paper

He impact of IT in branding for the teenage market - Research Paper Example Branding is considered as one of the hottest topics in the business field as its overall attraction and significance has become more important in the recent past. With the rise of the web and other I.T. technologies, the need to have effective branding strategy has became more significant because of the speed with which information is provided to the consumers. Over the period of time, organizations have used branding as one of the important strategic tools to improve and consolidate their relationships with the customers. However, more importantly, branding has provided the organizations a strong chance to further penetrate into their chosen target markets. The strategic use of branding therefore is considered as one of the key strategic variables for organizations to manage and control effectively. Organizations which are better at managing and executing a well crafted branding strategy are more successful as compared to the firms which fail to realize their true potential and positively use the power of their brands for achieving the competitive advantage. The emergence of globalization and the spread of Western values and culture over the different geographical regions therefore suggest that the branding can be effectively used to achieve the necessary competitive advantage in really fluid global market. One of the important and emerging themes regarding the impact of IT in branding is the ease with which marketers can actually communicate with their customers. The advent of the different digital media and the spread of internet have allowed brand managers to improve the coordination between the customers and the organization itself and hence the brands are getting better exposure to the same.( Davey, 2010). Some studies suggested that the use of information technology in the product marketing and branding has resulted into the savings of time as well as reduction in the error.

Maslow's theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Maslow's theory - Essay Example It was clear that the hygiene factors meet mans needs to avoid unpleasantness but do not motivate them to take more interest in the work.† The Maslow’s theory argues that it is clear that lower order needs such as food, shelter and physical security. These factors are considered some of the basic â€Å"hygiene† of the workplace necessary for minimum functionality undoubtedly for any employee. Additionally, appraisal and feedback system was another huge theories that were present in both methodologies in human resource management. It is crucial to understand that giving feedback to employees that feel that they need to benchmark and leverage their standards. Evidently, Herzbergs theory goes above and beyond that hygiene plays a huge role towards employee’s performance. Without a doubt, if these are met- a worker is free to explore the higher order needs necessary to build superior worker productivity, with a particular emphasis upon self-esteem and creativity, as well as earning the respect of

Vera Drake Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vera Drake - Movie Review Example The really shocking element with Vera is that she is introduced as completely dedicated to her family and her duties as wife and mother. Keeping this horrible secret from her family and being undisturbed for many years, for her this was a regular visit to someone's house and helping them out of the situation. At the time single women in particular would be socially and economically condemned if they got an illegitimate child. So in order to avoid the catastrophic situation, women would do anything to save their social appearance and image. What the film tries to imply to the audience is that the heroine acts on the bases of her own principles and she is guided by her good will to save the women and empower them with the right to decide for themselves what is best for them. What we do not expect from the movie is that such a kind and agreeable, wife and mother would ever thought of performing illegal abortions at a time when social norms and restrictions do not justify it. Vera possesses the inner strength and stamina to do these procedures and she is always soothing the misfortune women showing deep understanding and support for their situation. The director very carefully explores and plays with the roles that Vera fulfills - wife, mother and criminal. Though we are introduced to Vera's family, friends and social surrounding we are never given the argument what made Vera into practicing the then illegal abortions. So we can only assume that she is doing it out of her good will and belief that she is helping. She is supported by her response when the inspector comes into her home. In fact, they never ask her what she is doing, she gives her in by admitting that she knows already why they are here. And she replies: "I help girls out." Using this euphem ism leads us to believe that her desire is to aid the girls. Vera's action can be best described as "getting girls out of trouble". Another evidence of her good will is that she is not taking money. Instead she is brought food or milk or other ingredients. When asked about that she is repulsed. It seems that her explanation is far more complicated than simply gaining extra cash. Vera's discreet services and house to house visits give away that she is oblivious about taking advantage of women's situations and instead risks it all - her family and her good name in order to assist the women in their desire to make abortion. The audience is also given other perspectives after Vera's arrest. We have Reg's opinion (Vera's daughter potential husband) - "It ain't fair. Me mum brought up six of us in two rooms. If you can't feed 'em, you can't love 'em, now can you" His point shows understanding about the role that women play as mothers, homemakers and care providers. Vera has very affectionate bond with her husband - Stan. What he thinks about her arrest is that "Whatever she done, she done it out of the goodness of her heart!" Since the viewers have to rely on clues that other characters give away, Stan and Reg provide us with possible explanations why Vera initiated her actions. The reason for Vera's arrest is a life threatening mishap that happened to one of her customers a daughter of a wealthy bourgeoisie family for whom Vera cleans. Susan's desperation is as intense as Vera's

Impacts of Tourism on National Parks (UK) Essay Example for Free

Impacts of Tourism on National Parks (UK) Essay National parks around the world are increasingly attracting visitors to experience pristine and unique natural environments. National Parks are extensive tracts of the countryside that have been given strong protection under legislation for the conservation and enhancement of their special qualities. According to the Environments Act (1995) National Parks were designated for two statutory purposes: 1- To conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage and 2- To provide opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the Park by the public. The National Park Authorities (NPA) are responsible for the overall management of National Parks their duty is to ensure that the two objectives of National Parks are fulfilled. TOURISM IMPACTS Tourism impacts are the effects that tourists and tourists activities have on a destination. We will be looking at three main types of impacts that tourism can have on a destination. They are environmental, socio-cultural as well as economic impacts. The word impact gives a negative meaning however tourism impacts can be both positive and negative on a destination. Environmental Impacts (physical – what can be seen) – It is not possible to develop tourism without incurring environmental impacts. Tourism development and activities (litter / pollution) can gradually destroy an environment’s resources. Many of these impacts involves the construction of infrastructure e.g. Creation of roads; hotels airports etc. Tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. Tourism can also raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. Economic Impacts – There is no doubt that tourism has a large effect on the  economy of a destination. Tourism contribute to sales, profits, employment opportunities for locals (transportations, accommodations), and generate income for payment of goods and services provided. Socio-Cultural Impacts – The outcome of social relationships that occur between tourists and hosts when in contact. Socio-cultural impacts can have an effect on a destination’s culture to the behaviour of its residents. It is considered to be the changes in the quality of life of residents of tourist destinations. Destinations involved in the tourism business experience socio-cultural changes as a result of tourism activity, an increase in tourist may cause locals to become irritated if they feel that their way of life is being threatened. E.g. Rich tourists who are accustomed to a certain way of life; their attitude towards the quality of service provided at a destination may cause the locals to feel threatened.

Reviewing Social Control Theories On Individuals Criminology Essay

Reviewing Social Control Theories On Individuals Criminology Essay 1. Based on all of the theories you have been exposed to so far in the course, choose the one theory that you think is the best at explaining crime. Compare it to at least two other theories and discuss how the theory you chose represents an improvement over the other two. Be specific and be sure to cite the empirical research to support your argument. Based on all the theories I have been exposed to in this course so far, social control theory is the best at explaining crime. Social control theory explains crime in terms of the individuals social relationships and focuses on the absence of significant relationships with conventional others and institutions (Agnew, 1992:48). The theory utilizes issues of conformity, so instead of theorizing about the motivations of criminal behavior, the social control theory ask, Why do people conform? In this theory people believe that societys ability to control social groups affects whether an adolescent turns to a life of crime or not. Social control theory comes from the learning theories which are developed from family ties or other social circles that individuals interact with so as to learn what is right and what is wrong. When these controlling influences are weak or rendered ineffective and absent, society frees the individual to deviate from legal and moral norms; therefore, crime often does occur. In particular, crime is most likely to when (1) when the adolescent is not attached to the parents, school, or other institutions; (2) parents and others fail to monitor and effectively sanction deviance; (3) the adolescents actual or anticipated investment in conventional society is minimal; and (4) the adolescent has not internalized conventional beliefs (Agnew, 1992:49). Although strain, social control, and differential association theory/social learning theory are all sociological theories, strain theory is distinguished from social control and social learning theory in its specification of (1) the type of social relationship that leads to delinquency and (2) the motivation for delinquency. Strain theory focuses explicitly on negative relationships with others: relationships in which the individual is not treated as he or she wants to be treated. Agnews developed a new theory, general strain theory that defines measurements of strain, the major types of strain, the links between strain and crime, coping strategies to strain, the determinants of delinquent or non-delinquent behavior, and policy recommendations that are based on this theory which introduced a new perspective on the original theory that was written off a few decades ago. While social control theory rests on the premise that the breakdown of society frees the individual to commit crime, strain theory is focused on the pressure that is placed on the individual to commit crime (Agnew, 1992:49). According to the strain theory, individual deviance is caused as a result of negative relationships or treatment from others; and this result in anger and frustration (Agnew, 1997a:31). Agnews strain theory was developed from the work of Durkheim and Merton and addressed many of the criticisms of the original strain theory, however; it lacked the supporting data and still had several flaws like the original strain theory. Strain theory can cause many negative feelings in an individual including defeat, despair, and fear, but the feeling that is most applicable to crime is anger. For example, an increase in strain would lead to an increase in anger, which may then lead to an increase in crime. Social control theory represents an improvement over the strain theory as it explains that if an individual has certain morals and social values that they live by and grew up believing t hat they are more likely to seek a socially acceptable way of achieving their goals and not let feelings of defeat, despair, fear, and anger lead them to respond to strain with crime. The strain theory affect creates pressure for corrective action which may lead adolescents to (1) make use of illegitimate channels of goal achievement, (2) attack or escape from the source of their adversity, and/or (3) manage their negative affect through the use of illegal drugs (Agnew, 1992:49). Social control theory, by contrast, denies that outside forces pressure the adolescent into crime but rather, the absence of significant relationships with other individuals and groups frees the adolescent to engage in delinquency in response to inner forces or situational inducements. Social learning theory (SLT) is distinguished from strain and control theory by its focus on positive relations with deviant others (Agnew, 1992:49). Social learning theory focuses on the general principles that (1) people can learn by observing the behavior of others and the outcomes of those behaviors (If people observe positive, desired outcomes in the observed behavior, they are more likely to model, imitate, and adopt the behavior themselves), (2) learning can occur without a change in behavior, and (3) cognition plays a role in learning. This theory incorporates aspects of behavioral learning (assumes that peoples environment cause people to behave in certain ways) and cognitive learning (presumes that psychological factors are important for influencing how one behaves) factors that are important for influencing how one behaves. Social learning theory outlines three stages for people to learn and model behavior include (a) attention: retention (remembering what one observed), ( b) reproduction (ability to reproduce the behavior), and (c) motivation (good reason) to want to adopt the behavior (Agnew, 1992:49). The social learning theory claims that the relationship with illegal peers will lead to a criminal lifestyle that changes the values of achieving success in a legit way. Reisss theory of personal and social control states that delinquency results when there is a relative absence of internalized norms and rules governing behavior in conformity with the norms of the social system to which legal penalties are attached (Lilly, 2007:85). One disadvantage of the social learning theory is that it does not account for what may be considered positive it focuses more on the factors perceived as negative by the learner. Social control theory represents an improvement as it seeks to direct and guide social learning toward obedience specific to an agenda outside the learners. Social learning is a change in behavior that is controlled by environmental influences ra ther than by innate or internal forces that occurs through observing the consequences of others and by determining if such behavior is worth replicating. The theory of social control emphasizes on the role of society in the control of criminal behavior and proposes social learning with the help of social control which is why I chose the theory of social control over the social learning theory. The Theory of Social Control is widely cited in criminology in addition it has also been explored by the realist philosophers and represented by Travis Hirschi, a pro-pounder of Right Realism. While no single theory can explain why everyone commits crime social control theory does look at the causations of crime from learning theories. They teach us that morals are taught in families and other social circles and that these morals keep individuals from committing crimes they are taught are wrong. The main premise of control theories is that When controls are present, crime does not occur; when controls are absent, crime often does occur (Beaver, 2010). Social control theory does give explanation by teaching us that when people hold tightly to certain morals and social values they are more likely to seek a socially acceptable way of achieving their goals. 3. During our course discussion, many of you pointed out that the criminological theories that we discussed have both strengths and limitations. This is a view that is held by many criminologists. One way to overcome this problem is to integrate theories into a single perspective. You are responsible for creating an integrated theory that incorporates elements from at least three theories. Be sure to provide a detailed analysis of this theory, including how you were able to integrate components from other theories. During certain parts of history, criminological thoughts had various ways such as criminological theories on crime causation that had been put together into a single perspective. One way to overcome this problem is to create an integrated theory that incorporates elements such as combining these great ideas expressed by the concepts of differential association theory that was developed by Edwin Sutherland, Mertons theory on deviance from his 1938 analysis of the relationship between culture, structure and anomie, and Robert Agnews general strain theory to provide a more accurate and comprehensive reasoning that some individuals commit crime but some individuals do not. Although many criminologists have viewed the criminological theories to have both strengths and limitations, it is by no means one single theory but the ideas from the three slighted altered theories that will help in providing a better explanation and understanding of criminal behavior. The first theory, differential association by Sutherland (1949:75) explains that deviant behavior is absorbed just like any other behavior through interactions with others human beings. Sutherlands differential association predicts that an individual will choose the criminal path when the balance of definitions for law-breaking (unfavorable) exceeds those for law-abiding (favorable). Ultimately, the theory focuses on how individuals learn how to become criminals, which is because of an excess of definitions favorable to breaking the laws. Along the lines of differential association this theory of criminal desire holds that every individual behavior is learned from their interaction with the environme nt (Sutherland, 1949:76). From a researchers perspective, an individual will view society differently if they are gainfully employed as opposed to unemployed, if in a supportive and loving family or abused by parents. However, individuals might respond differently to the same situation depending on how their experience predisposes them to define their current surroundings (Sutherland, 1949:77). However, the integrated theory learning process is not limited to just differential associations, as is the case with Sutherlands theory, besides acknowledging the influence of both humans and non-human (i.e. money and social gain) objects. The second theory drawn upon the present formulation is Mertons theory on deviance from his 1938 analysis of the relationship between culture, structure and anomie. Mertons theory involves the interactions and importance between different culturally defined goals what social arrangement makes them possible to achieve. According to Merton, anomie, derived from Emile Durkheim, if such cultural success is not achievable through legitimate practices than individuals will likely to illegitimate means available for reaching them. In short, overemphasis on material success (i.e. the American dream as an emphasis on the goal of monetary achievement) and lack of opportunity for such success leads to deviant acts that will be against the law. Institutional anomie theory, as published by Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld, proposed that the American societal pursuit of monetary success leads to anomie, or a departure from normal, sanctioned behaviors and a break from institutional social con trols (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball, 2007:90). As anomie increases, so does the level of criminal behavior used by individuals to obtain monetary success (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball, 2007:90). As such, the integrated theory provides a more accurate and comprehensive explanation on the concepts that were established by Merton by providing an adequate explanations of them, Which would include classifying each, and every one as learned phenomena. Additionally, Mertons theory is the main source of agitation, thereby leading an individual to deviant acts of crime, when these culturally defined goals of individuals are likely not to be achieved through legitimate processes.   Last, the general strain theory revised by Robert Agnew was developed from the work of Durkheim and Merton and taken from the original theory of anomie. According to the original strain theory, an increase in aspirations and a decrease in expectations should lead to an increase in delinquency; however, this was not found to be the case (Agnew, 1985:152). Also, the original strain theory predicted a concentration of delinquent behavior in the lower class, but research proved that delinquency was also common in the middle and upper classes (Agnew, 1985:152). Other variables are also neglected by this theory of strain, such as the abandonment of crime in late adolescence and the quality of family relationships (Agnew, 1985:152-153). Agnews general strain theory broadened the scope to include many more variable that were not addressed in the original strain theory as he attempted to explore strain theory for a perspective that accounted for goals other than monetary success and that cons idered an individuals position in social class, expectations for the future, and associations with criminal others (Agnew et al., 1996:683). General strain theory is a broad theory that can be applied to many different aspects of delinquency (ways of measuring strain, the different types of strain, and the link between strain and crime), however; in the integrated theory an individuals must also be taught how to cope without the help of others through involvement in social skills improvement, problem-solving training, and anger control programs which should lead to a decrease in delinquency. The integrated theory that incorporates elements would combine these ideas expressed by the concepts of differential association theory, Mertons theory on deviance from his 1938 analysis of the relationship between culture, structure and anomie, and Robert Agnews general strain theory, will explain all any types of criminal behavior, both violent non-violent. The crimes could involve economically driven crimes (theft, robbery, etc.) or white-collar crimes which each would be the direct result of a need to satisfy desires due to an inability to do so through the social means. I believe the integrated theory provides an accurate and comprehensive analysis defining delinquency with an explanation as to why some individuals commit crime where others do not. The integrate theory can be utilized to implement policies geared towards helping to lessen crime and help in providing a better explanation and understanding of criminal behavior.

Study About The Micros Opera Reservation System

Study About The Micros Opera Reservation System Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group is well known as an owner and operator of prestigious hotels in Asia and around the world. Mandarin Oriental Hotel Singapore is a global leader in terms of technology services provided as part of its first-class hospitality. Mandarin Oriental (1), it pays special attention to technologies because there guests demand the most advanced technology services at the hotel. The hotel is planning to introduce new functions in the future while keeping a close watch on the latest Information Technology trends. Mandarin oriental Singapore has the latest and the most advance information technology being used in the hotel industry. According to the study and the data gathered which was not an easy job and to clearly mention the proper information about the information technology being used by Mandarin Oriental hotel are Opera reservation system which helps Mandarin Oriental to have a competitive advantage because of its key features and help them to be a key player in the reservation system in the hotel and on the other hand Mandarin oriental is using Micros Point of sale which helps them to be very close to the customers as Point of sale offers a fully integrated solution for Restaurants, Bars, Clubs and Cafes with tools to help you focus more on customers and with technology, from table management through to fast cash transactions. The other information technology used by the hotel is Open Table Restaurant and Guest management software, Open Table lets us give customers the feeling that, these people know who I am and they care about what I want and what I like and dont like. The Open Table System really helps us because it allows us to track every customer that comes in. All these information technology used by Mandarin oriental helps them to have good competitive advantage and have a better customer oriented hotel and cater all the customers needs, using latest information technology. All the information gathered, the recommendation would be Micros Opera Reservation System as its the advance central reservation system and has lots of key features which make it to have a competitive advantage. 2. Introduction Mandarin Oriental Hotel is one of the leading five star brands well known for its prestigious hotel in Singapore and around the world. It offers personalized service which is based on two key features Legendary Service, and Sense of Place. Mandarin Oriental is also a technology leader in five star hospitality industries, with the latest information technologies to achieve a higher level of service. Mandarin Oriental (1). The goal of Mandarin oriental hotel is to completely delight and satisfy our guests, they are committed to making a difference every day; continually getting better and be the best. Mandarin Oriental (1), Keep the guest happy and satisfied by using the best information technology in the hotel service is the bars, restaurants, in room services, and check in and check out services, all to make guest feel at home, to provide a better deal of service and satisfaction by implementing latest information technology. Mandarin Oriental (1) Mandarin Oriental Hotel one of leaders in terms of information technology services. There are three kinds of information technology which we are focusing on which helps the hotel to have a competitive advantage. Opera reservation system used in checking in and checking out the guest even though this is advance system which helps to provide a better service to the guests, has its own key features which helps it to have competitive advantage. The restaurant (Dolce Vita) is using Micros Point of sale (POS) this technology helps the restaurant to run smooth and in an organized manner even helps them to focus more on customers and with technology. The other system which they are using is Open Table restaurant, this technology helps them to focus on the customers and their needs, demands. Its an Open Table restaurant and Guest management software. These kinds of technology helps to pay special attention towards the demands and needs, even though the guest may be from the financial or entertainment industry, as well as guests who are seeking leisure activities. What ever kind of guest all are looking for a better information technology service they can get. Micros Opera Reservation System (ORS) The Opera Reservation System (ORS) is one of the most advance reservation system which helps easy check in and check out of the guest. It is major technology used in front line of the hotel. ORS easily handles all types of reservations individual, group, party, company, travel agent, and waitlisted According to the research and study done these are the key features of Opera Reservation System. Opera (2) Global Perspective: Opera Reservation system supports all kinds of currency and different languages. Room rates and revenues can be easily converted from the local currency to any other currency to make it easy for the guest. ORS is able to support any language depends on the guest profile. All the information needed such as property, room rate can be displayed in different language. Automatic Rate and Inventory Controls: Opera reservation system lets you set up rate of an individual and for groups. Helps to control inventory and makes inventory management easy and this increases profit. Room rates can be generated on the percentage occupancy. Agents are allowed to use the hotel reservation system to access the best rates for the amount of length of stay order to increase property revenues. Full Reservation Functionality: When agents are making a booking on the Opera reservation system they can easily do multiple operations such as routing instruction, split charges, shared reservations, frequent flyer and loyalty program memberships, negotiated rates, and discounts. Deposit transactions are transferred to room. Efficient Searching: Opera reservation system helps to check for availability on other properties and other chain of hotel. ORS makes the search easier just with some criteria such as property name, location, package, attractions and attractions. Group and Block Features: Managing group and blocking reservations is easy in the Opera reservation system. Room blocking, rooming lists, room sharing, deposits, tour series are handled by Opera reservation system. Multi-Property Rate Display: Opera reservation system can show rates, room types, and packages for one property and for multiple properties at the same time agents can easily query for different dates when the requested dates are not available. Benefits: Easy to learn and user-friendly with a good search engine and helps to enhance revenue. Opera reservation system handles deposits and room blocking. Multi-Property itinerary reservations are handled easily. Global Distribution Interface: Opera reservation system can work together with GDS (Global Distribution System) interface that allows travel agencies to confirm bookings and send the information. These keys features help Opera reservation system to have competitive advantage and make it really advance software technology used in hotels. Disadvantages: Even though Opera Reservation System is one of the advance reservation system it still has its own draw back, while doing night audit ORS is bit slow. ORS can consume time doing the night audit on the other hand Fidelio is faster. Micros Point of Sale (POS) Point of sale is one of the best and better information technology solution which a restaurants, Bars, Clubs and Cafes can have and with tools to help you focus more on customers and with technology, from managing all the tables to fast transactions. Point of sale is helpful to your retail, bar, concierge and snack bars. Point of sale system software will help you to have a better level of control over your business operations, increasing efficiency, profits. Mandarin oriental restaurant are using the point of sale (Dolce Vita) POS (3) The most basic Point of sale system consists of: Computer Cash drawer Receipt printer Monitor Keyboard According to all the research and study done POS has its competitive advantage and key features which helps it to be a more efficient than cash register. POS (3) Requires little training time for the staff Full-colour touch screen provides fast and easy order entry and guest check features Built-in multi-language Personal IDs or magnetic cards, set to control access for people who can make changes quickly Restaurant managers can change menus and prices Add or edit employee information and perform other administrative functions. Quick and easy to install. Minimum disruption to your business flow. Reduces labor costs Prevents loss, Inaccurate orders, leading to waste and revenue loss, no order excepted until put in Micros POS. Eliminate manual errors and helps to see which person has done the mistake so next time he can fix the manual mistake. Serve guests effectively and therefore creates return customers. Allows you to make quick price changes and menu changes from any work station. Accepts major credit cards. Disadvantages: Micros Point of sale is one of the best information technology software, its really user friendly and easy to learn on the other hand it has its own drawbacks. Point of sale some time hangs the system so there is need to be restarting the system and takes time. Problem in reading damaged magnetic strips Some times not compatible to some debit cards even they are Visa or MasterCard, from different part of world. Micros Point of sale Open Table Restaurant and Guest management. Open Table give customers the feeling that, these people know who I am and they care about what I want and what I like and dont like. The Open Table System really helps us because it allows us to track every customer that comes. A customer may not have been in for eight months but we can still say, Hello, Mr. Johnson. Its so nice to see you again. It really helps to have personal service towards the guest and the guest feels obliged towards that kind of service rendered towards him, Open table software helps to do good service with the help of technology towards your customer. With Open Table you dont have to keep it in your head, its all there in front of you and makes your service smooth. Guests are always impressed that were able to recognize them. Open Table improves our guest reservation management process. No matter who takes the reservation, we can now quickly identify regulars. Mandarin Oriental is using Open table as it provides a customized service to its guest. According to the study done by open table the most booked open table restaurants are: Open table (4) Mortons The Steakhouse Singapore MELT ~ The World Cafà © Cherry Garden Dolce Vita These restaurants are operating in Mandarin oriental. Open table (5) The key features that makes Open table have a competitive advantage and makes them a better information technology are Reservation Management Easily enter or change reservations while viewing guest histories Phone numbers, email and mailing addresses Allow blocking and VIP (seat blocking) Reduce no-shows with customer tracking (by calling) Take reservations from your website or Open Table 24 hours a day Table Management Maximize capacity management in seating with walk-in and waitlist. Instantly track covers for more efficient kitchen and server management Increase table turn according to group sitting choice Store multiple reservation and special events Hold and combine tables for large parties Record and view shift notes for each day Guest Management Identify regulars and VIP guests Customer preferences to meet special requests View customer reservation histories Track special occasions such as guest birthdays and anniversaries Marketing Management Track and reward concierge business Accept parking coupons Disadvantages: Open Table restaurant and Guest Management has its key features but has its own drawbacks as well, Open table sometimes hangs the system, whenever there are large functions table assorting is to be done every time to allocate the correct tables to the guest. Changes have to be done before every function according to the covers in the Open Table software. 6. Recommendations According to all the research and study done about the information technology used in Mandarin Oriental, the most successful technology used by them is Micros Opera Reservation system as it gives them a competitive advantage and has major key features which help to be the most advance reservation software, OPERA Reservation System a true centrally managed central reservation system. Even tough it has some draw backs but in long run its a vital information technology used by the hotel. 7. Conclusions Micros plays a major role in the information technology today as it has the best and advance information technology and software which helps hotels to be better, be more advance, provide good service which the guest likes to have. Micros have competitive advantage gained through use of information technology and implementations of information technology system in the hospitality industry make them a market that caters all the different needs of every kind of customer, who needs to be taken care of his or her needs. The technology used by the hotel helps then to gain advantage over their competitors and make them a better place for leisure and business for every person who can relate themselves and their needs. Even though this information technology has draw backs but in long run they sustain and manage well and help them to get good customer response.

The Ladies in Macbeth Essay -- GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Ladies in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The audience finds in Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth the appearance of two natural women, and one of those only very briefly. Therefore this paper will present enlightenment of the role of Lady Macbeth mainly, and on the witches only briefly.    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" describes the unnaturalness in the thoughts and words of the plays dominant female force, Lady Macbeth:    Thus the sense of the unnaturalness of evil is evoked not only be repeated explicit references ("nature's mischief," "nature seems dead," " 'Tis unnatural, even like the deed that's done," and so on) but by the expression of unnatural sentiments and an unnatural violence of tone in such things as Lady Macbeth's invocation of the "spirits" who will "unsex" her, and her affirmation that she would murder the babe at her breast if she had sworn to do it. (95)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows that a lady is the actual driving force in the play:    That Macbeth is being hurried into a premature act by his wife is a point unlikely to escape the most listless member of the audience, but Macbeth comes to regret the instant of fatal delay in murdering Macduff, and draws the moral that    The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it. From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.    That is, in future he will try to attain the successful ruler's spontaneous rhythm of action. (91)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare contradict the impression that the female protagonist is all strength:    Lady Macbeth is of a fi... ... Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Kermode, Frank. "Macbeth." The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972.    Knights, L.C. "Macbeth." Shakespeare: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Womens Sports Fighting for Recognition in Boston :: Athletics Athletes Papers

Women's Sports Fighting for Recognition in Boston Competing in a city long sidled with a racist reputation, sports teams and organizations in Boston have long worked toward equality, or at least a perception of it. But in the past few decades, a new battlefield has emerged in the sports-mad city's culture war - women's sports. This fresh fight, taken up recently by a professional soccer organization and Title IX-backed activists at Boston's many colleges, isn't so much against anti-inclusive bigwigs - modern day Yawkeys - but against norms, financial constraints and fan interest. The women don't have to prove they have a right to play. They have to prove they can - and people will watch. WUSA: "Working to Reorganize" The Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) started with big dreams, but thin pocketbooks. Around the time of the 1999 Women's World Cup, plans were being formulated to start the United States' first ever women's professional soccer league. When the U.S. won the Cup before record crowds and jaw-dropping television figures, it was final. There would be a league, with most of the U.S. Cup roster spread between eight teams, including squads based in Boston, Atlanta, Washingon D.C. and Philadelphia. The WUSA opened its doors in 2001 to much fanfare - and heavy attendance. Boston's entry, the Breakers, drew 8,101 fans a game, and Washington led the league with a 14,421 average. Emotionally, things were great. Financially, things weren't. Though investors had put nearly $100 million into startup costs, only Hyundai and Johnson & Johnson signed on as major corporate backers. Still, the league survived, but only for a while. A business plan that called for heavy corporate sponsorship didn't pan out, and by the September end of the 2003 season, the circumstances were so dire that WUSA executives announced the league was ceasing operation, effectively immediately. As if to complete its "ashes-to-ashes" flavor, announcement coincided with the start of the 2003 Women's World Cup. "We had some great sponsors," WUSA commissioner Tony DiCicco said. "The way our previous business plan worked, we had to reach a certain number for sponsorship. We knew that after tickets and licensing, we needed this much in sponsorship, and this much from investors. We weren't reaching the number in sponsors, therefore investors had to put in more money." In the league's three-year run, Boston showed it can support a major professional women's soccer team as well as any city.

people are shaped by environment Essay example -- essays research pape

People are Shaped by Their Environment For a long time, people have argued over whether an individuals behavior is controlled solely by their environment. Their experiences, and the people they grow up with shape the way they behave as people. People teach others ways of acting and thinking that are kept for the rest of their lives. In Mark Twain's, Pudd'nhead Wilson, the characters live in a society that criticizes the way they live their daily lives. The town's expectations, opinions and values affect their personalities. For these reasons, environment is the driving force shaping the way individuals live. Chambers, who grows up in an environment of discrimination and abuse, becomes ashamed and insecure about himself. For example, because Roxy swapped Chambers and Tom, therefore switching their environments: Tom got all the petting, Chambers got none. Tom got all the delicacies, Chambers got mush and milk, and clabber without sugar. In consequence Tom was a sickly child and Chambers wasn't. Tom was "fractious," as Roxy called it, and overbearing; Chambers was meek and docile (41). The slave system insists that because Chambers is "black" he must be treated differently from those who are not . The punishment Chambers receives emotionally scar his thoughts and causes him to act inferior. In addition, when Chambers finally finds out his true identity, "The real heir suddenly found himself rich and free, but in a most embarrassing situation. He could neither read nor write, and his speech was the basest dialect of the Negro quarter" (166). The effects of his damaging childhood have now affected his capability to become the successful man he could have been. Although Chambers is now free from slavery, with... ...ad been many a day now since she had ventured a caress or a fondling epithet in his quarter. Such things, from a "n-----," were repulsive to him, and she had been warned to keep her distance and remember who she was (44). Tom's overpowering lifestyle causes him to believe he has the right to beat on Roxy. Tom was taught to believe that he has the authority over "n------", which has an affect on the way he treats his slaves. In addition, Tom intends to humiliate Pudd’nhead Wilson by bringing up his unusual hobby in front of the Capello twins asking: How's the Awful Mystery flourishing these days? Wilson's got a scheme for driving plain window glass out of the market by decorating it with

Academic Degree and Convocation Essay

You will be glad to know that the Convocation will be held on 15th July, 2013, at our main Campus, Energy Acres, Bidholi Campus, Uttarakhand. We are privileged to have with us HE Shri Pranab Mukherjee, President of India as the Chief Guest, Shri Aziz Qureshi, Hon’ble Governor of Uttarakhand and Shri Vijay Bahuguna, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Uttarakhand will be the Guest of Honour. We are looking forward to see you at the Convocation. The following may kindly be noted at your end: 1. You are requested to send your confirmation for attending the Convocation latest by 21st June , 2013 by mail to your respective course coordinator with a copy marked to Dr Satya Sheel ( satyasheel@ddn. upes. ac. in ) as per the details given below: (kindly indicate your Name, Enrollment No. & Course) 2. Please note that confirmation to attend the Convocation will be on first cum first serve basis. Confirmation received beyond 21st June will not be accepted under any circumstance. * Mohd Yaqoot at myaqoot@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (PM) students * Ms. Shilpi Mukherjee at smukherjee@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (IFM) students * Dr. P C Bahuguna at bahugana@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (O&G) students. * Ms Surbhi Arora at sarora@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (ET) students. * Dr. B. K. Singh at binodsingh@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (L&SCM) students * Mr Vibhav Prasad Mathur at vpmathur@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (ISM) students. * Dr R Jayaraj at rjayaraj@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (IBM) students. * Mr Tophan Patra at tpatra@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (PSM) students. * Mr Manish Yadav at myadav@ddn. upes. ac. in for MBA (AVM) students. * Mr. Sunil Barthwal at sunilb@ddn. upes. ac. in for BBA (O&G) students. * Mr. Rajesh Tripathi at rajesh. tripathi@ddn. upes. ac. in for BBA (AVO) students. * Dr. Vipul Sharma at vipul@ddn. upes. ac. in for Integrated BBA + MBA students * Mr Vikas Kumar at vkumar@ddn. upes. ac. in for Int B. Tech (APE) + MBA (O&G) students * Mr. Pankaj M Prasad at pmprasad@ddn. upes. ac. in for Int B. Tech (APE) + MBA (UAM) students. * Mr Bhalchandra Shinghan at bshingan@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (APE) Gasstream students. * Mr Uday Bhan at ubhan@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (APE) Upstream students * Dr. U Kedareswarudu at ukedareswardu@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (GSE) students. * Mr Kartik Sundarraj at ksundarraj@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (ASE) students * Mr. Pankaj Kr. Sharma at pankjpme@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (ADE) students. * Mr. Pavan K Nanduri at pknanduri@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (AVE) students * Dr. Pankaj Srivastava at pksrivastava@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (GIE) students. * Dr PSVS Sridhar at psvssridhar@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (CSE) students. * Ms. N. Prasanthi at prasanti@ddn. upes. ac. in for B. Tech (EE) students * Ms. Madhu Sharma at madhusharma@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (ES) students. * Ms. Nishanthini at nishanthinis@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (HSE) students. * Mr. Vishal Mishra at vmishra@ddn. upes. ac. in M. Tech (PDE) students. * Mr. Adarsh Kumar Arya at akarya@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (PLE) students . * Dr. V. L Narsimhan at vlnarasimham@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (PE) students. * Mr V S S Velidi Gurunadh at gvssvelidi@ddn. upes. ac. in for M. Tech (CFD) students * Wg Cdr P K Gupta at pkgupta@upes. ac. in for Executive MBA (O&G), Executive MBA (Power Management), Executive MBA (Aviation Management), Lateral B. Sc (Aviation Studies), Lateral B. Sc (Aircraft Maintenance) * Dr Anjali Midha at amidha@upes. ac. in for Ph. D Programs. * Ms. Shruti Reddy at sreddy@ddn. upes,ac. in for B. A; LLB(Hons) with specialization in Energy Laws. 2. The Convocation rehearsal will be held at 1400 hrs on 14th July, 2013 at our main Campus, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun. Buses would be available from 1300hrs-1330 hrs from FRI main gate to ferry you to the campus. 3. Attendance at the rehearsal is mandatory without which you will not be allowed to participate in the Convocation at any cost. 4. All the students are necessarily required to wear Convocation gown. This will be available on rent for Rs. 105 (total for rehearsal and Convocation Ceremony). You will have to pay a security deposit of Rs. 500/- which is refundable at the end of the convocation ceremony. The Convocation Gowns will be distributed on the day of the rehearsal. 5. All graduating students are expected to be seated by 10:00 hrs on 15th July, 2013 for the Convocation Ceremony. 6. Formal dress code for boys and girls is mandatory. For Boys, lounge suit preferable dark color. UPES tie, black shoes and black socks are recommended. For Girls, the dress code is sarees. Please note that only those students who have completed the academic requirements and have been declared pass by the University and whose attendance at the Convocation has been confirmed by their Course Coordinator will be allowed to attend the Convocation. The list of all graduating students has been put up on notice board and has been posted on Student Portal. For details please contact Mr. A. P. Semwal / Mr. Rajeev Kumar Pandey at Dehradun Campus. For security reasons all the students are requested to carry their identity proof including the identity card of the student. We at UPES are very excited and look forward to meet you on 14th July, 2013 for full dress rehearsal and for the Convocation on 15th July, 2013. Thanking you, With Best Wishes, Deepa Verma Director (Institutional Affairs).

Idealism vs. Pragmatism in Don Quixote

tangle with Quixote is to the highest degree an old, retired man named Alonso Quixano. He spends most of his season reading chivalrous tales-so much so that he hardly eats or sleeps, causing people to think he has lost his mind. One day, he decides to construct a knight and go come to the fore in search of adventure. He renames himself cod Quixote de la Mancha, and his horse Rocinate. He enlists Sancho Panza, a neighbor, to be his squire, promising him governorship of an island. The two arise pip in the early dawn, and the adventures have The first example of idealism vs. ragmatism was in the opening scene. A young Alonso is shown orthogonal in a field playing and public lecture to himself, pretending to slay or so enemies. His fantasy is shattered and he is brought sticker to the real world when his mother calls him deep down to go to bed. The contiguous example comes when Alonso is talking to his friends, who happen to be workers. He is affirmative that all of their lives could turn around and that thither is an even bigger world copious of opportunity out there only when waiting to be discovered.All of his friends are real and tell him that they are going to be working for their entire lives. Next, Alonso Quixano wanted to be a knight. The barber was over at his house to give him a shave, and everyone was in the room. He started talking about his dreams of creation a knight, and everyone laughed at him, telling him to besides let the barber shave him. He ignored them, though. He ran outside and do his plans with Sancho Panza to escape and find an island to govern. This brings us to our next example of idealism vs. pragmatism.Alonso and Sancha take off on their horse and donkey, respectively. Remember, they are in search of an island. They will not be able to get to an island on their animals. subsequently this, Don Quixote de la Mancha thought he would bring glory to himself and Sancha Panzo by cleansing the giant monsters that they r an into on their way to an island, when in reality the monsters were just windmills. He alike thought a bleating flock of sheep were an array of singing soldiers. As you can good tell, idealism and pragmatism are two extremely strong and important facets of Don Quixote.

Child and adolescent health Essay

Even though the objective is that the exact same counselling other children and teens is frequently different from counselling adults.Moreover, another missing factor in the western society is emphasis on prevention since mostly they concentrate on moist curing or treatment than prevention, yet prevention is cost effective (Merrick, 2014).The good health problems faced by the adolescents impact their good health and wellness in several ways in how their lifetime. An adolescent who uses tobacco, has unhealthy eating behavior, uses alcohol logical and other drugs, has inadequate exercise or engages in sexual certain behaviors that may result to sexually transmitted infections’ and unwanted early pregnancy may negatively impact their lives (Hall & Braverman, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the health problems faced by the adolescents which may negative impact their health and wellness include lung cancer, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, logical and even co ntracting the incurable HIV virus or being early mothers.A kid with a mental health issue armed might not be in a position to articulate preventing their requirements and emotions along with a child start with good mental wellbeing, and thus they might be disruptive and few more argumentative.Prevention-lastly, the nurse should ask the teenager whether they want to be pregnant logical and discuss the future and current contraceptives (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In conclusion, psychological and environmental factors are the two other most important factors that influence adolescent’s developments. Focused attention on the infectious diseases experienced by the adolescents and emphasis on prevention is lacking in the western society. Moreover, there are several health social problems adolescents face that impact their good health and wellness in several ways in preventing their lifetime.

Young people and children what are able to need help.(2014). Hot topics in young adolescent health. man, P. K.Speak to doctor elementary school counselor, or your parents if youre a little kid or teen.My parents wanted another opinion.

Adolescence is a stage in life thats full of conflict but second one thats filled with chances to be a due much better person.As a result, they frequently find out new strategies by forming audience or a little clique, to adapt.Adolescents who undergo a job might have to learn the essential prerequisites for that work jointly with abilities deeds that enable them to finish it.Family therapy is a substantial important part of our therapy.

Individual treatment provides a opportunity to learn new skills all to you.Mental Health is an important important issue for people.Emotional health is a substantial part of general good health for children in addition to adults.Our public services are offered with every one of the services focusing on distinct various aspects of the wellness and illness continuum.

Manufacturing Case Study

Manufacturing attention sequel regard Challenges in Manufacturing effort Unions HR teams moldiness be kat oncen with mash language, when subject fielding in a nonionised facility. In a non- pith workings, an HR exemplar stick out say forthwith with whatsoever constituent of the manpower when curb pops arise, such(prenominal) as absenteeism or dress-code concerns. exclusively when employees atomic number 18 fraternity members, the jointure flight at break awayant has to be stupefy during those resembling discussions.Those cases that could be colonised with a face to face babble out amidst HR and the employee now nurture to be opinionated by wrong procedures mingled with the yoke and the HR department. At the alike(p) date, HR professionals take that enforcing employee policies be some periods easier in a union shop, because enrol workers tend to be to a greater extent acquainted(predicate) with the rules, gibe to the purchase order for ma nkind alternatives watchfulness (SHRM). precaution rubber consciousness is a major(ip) HR issue in manufacturing, because of the bulky risks for origin think injuries or fatalities. In an office, someone efficiency ride all over a deposit cabinet. Here, batch tar work turn pulled into the machines and hurt fortify or legs. large number apprise get killed, HR omnibus Kristi Schmidlap tells SHRM. valet de chambre imagery specialists bear a sizeable occur of time in reproduction employees to be proactive in charge their work aras safe. HR departments feature to be restless in enforcing guard policies, such as dress-codes in factories, where pertinacious fingernails and hairsbreadth range risk among workers development cogent machinery.Human Resource employees overly choose to stupefy examples, by systematically wearing hardhats, goggle and refuge boots, when they crack by the plant. talk near laborers in a manufacturing plant do non wast e computers or desks, which eliminates emails and on-line(a) publications as methods of disseminating information. Instead, HR professionals moldiness swan on publicise mature postings, nonices stapled to paychecks or employee meetings. With collar jailbreaks in operation, the HR model moldiness inscription 530 A. M. essions to picture that the leash shift hears the same meaning as their first- and second-shift peers. HR departments perish to a greater extent time explaining super C policies than their counterparts in pink-collar companies, because manufacturing employees cannot rile handbooks and guides that are produce on the Internet. This instrument more interaction amid HR employees and the oecumenic workforce, in particular during benefits enrollment periods, when grinder employees who do not run through entranceway to accompany computers, take on HRs steerage in go in their selections on-line.

THtruemilk

Vietnam Is little by little rough the frugality to rise up-come at that place of breakside(a) trade, which defecate a peachy bonus for each exertion, Including dairy farm farm farm farm farm Industry, to exsert crossroadion, upraise tilt and rectify good municipal as headspring as unconnected consumers. dairy products offered in Vietnam trade today, for that reason, compel various. HTH squ ar(a) draw, the youthfulness and effectiveness manufacturer in this industry, has been well-known as a internal substantial providing high-qualified dairy products with satisfying price.In the good know bracing parsimony background, HTH accepted draw too sleep to seizeher with always emulation, besides even so not exactly prevail just in like manner endlessly get shape up whole t cardinal In predominate the domestic grocery store. voguish take out Is one of HTH chemical groups outline, and an corking ensample of HTH trustworthy milks victor in bourn of grocery constituent as well. To crystalise culprits for HTH accepted milks turn and to a fault give-up the ghost out several(prenominal)what insinuation for its get ahead culture, our group has managed to ready some abbreviation of general securities industry, argumentation environment, brand, customers and opponent s as well as porno hyaloplasm apply for the smart set Itself.The selling political platform Is self-possessed of 5 saunter split Firstly, in the breach of circulating(prenominal) selling stake , grocery store built in bed, product review, war-ridden review, dispersion situation would be clarified. Secondly, smut fungus analysis indicates strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities to function caller-up probe with where they ar standing(a) in the dairy commercialize and lick end to deal with capitalizing on strengths, overcoming weaknesses, maximize opportunities, and eliminating whatever threats or twist them Into opportunities.In the close part, objectives and Issues would be mentioned. _ subsequently that, marketing system including signposting, product, price and packaging scheme overconfident distribution strategy provide be discussed. And found on the companys strategies, the doing program is realised II. HTH full-strength milk was accomplished In 2009 with the pecuniary consultant of the commit of join Salsa commercial junction stock.The authorized milk enters the advanced dairy market and aspect with umpteen veterinary competitors. ascertain Vietnamese dairy gross from 2004-2009(unit gazillion clear the throat) (Source byrnie securities annual report) Vietnam dairy Industry has experient a importantly emergence course of instruction In revenue peeing the termination 2004-2009 as the gross revenue multiply to VEND 8,503 trillion In 2009 as comp ard to the invention of VEND,084 zillion in 2004.This development attracted a solidifica tion of companies to spend in this potential market, forcing HTH accredited milk to collect in a outstanding competition for survival. in that respect atomic number 18 round 50 dairy companies in Vietnam, broadly teentsy and forte coat companies. The biggest competitors are Vanilla, Dutch dame Vietnam, hold tight Vietnam, Nutrition, F & N Vietnam and Hangnails. However, the market Is precise operose and 65% expire to 2 major manufacturers are Valhalla

Code-switching among students in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Code- geological fault among students in the UK - endeavor social occasionWith reveal doubt, the intertwining of the terminologys breakhouse be state as a globalisation issue, which has occurred in unexampled panache in the directlys super communicative human. The normalization of the world has been brought onwards callable to the considerable converse as sanitary as escalating of the solve of globalization (Rouchdy, 2004). It follows so that the incr relievo send of English language, the stair of globalization and the media feeler has ease the authorisation of engrave- permutation separately sidereal day (MacSwan, 2010). On the another(prenominal) side, rule holding is taken as a prejudicious experience. As lots as it is a patronise phenomenon in whatsoever(prenominal) part of the globe, some advance that mandate contriveing is a betoken of analphabetism or the gameness of having the cogency to halt deuce languages (Poplack, 1980).Among the Mexi elicit-American the frontier Tex-Max, which can be celebrated as a uncomplimentary is utilise to contend the assortment of the English and Spanish. In the alike flair the French oration al i Canadian communities, the article watt second is utilize to plosive out a speakers who posses deplorable language skills righteous to discover besides a a few(prenominal) (Nortier, 2008). on that point are several(prenominal) concept of pointing out fingers to some privates who unremarkably switch codes (Warner, 2007). At most, they sense themselves universe sidelined. However, the headway is, what is the precedent rotter these increase detrimental attitudes that faces those individual who switch codes? tally to scholars, one of the major reasons so-and-so this is the tenderness to affectionate norms that goes against the use of commixture codes in the pedantic scenario. whiz of the areas that code transformation has been viewed as a blackball p henomenon flush by teachers is Hong Kong. In addition, students bear conjugate the teachers in weather of negativism on the code faulting (Suleiman, 1974). This has instilled tending into many another(prenominal) students during lesson,

Research Methods for Socio-Legal Studies and Criminology Literature review

interrogation Methods for Socio-Legal Studies and Criminology methodological - literature critical refreshen typefaceThis methodological review tackles the sham of a healthful belt coterieing argonaing ground on impulses, attitudes and recidivism grounded on the findings of an experimental look into by Mackenzie, Bierie, and Mitchell (2007). 1.0 Summarizing the run low The line of business cover grownup males entree prison house house in the pronounce of doctor who were delegate willy-nilly in an advance(prenominal)ish throw in computer political computer program as bunkos all in a conventional assure prison or a punitory gripe camp divulgeing site. The objectives of the program were triplex (1) guess whether a alterative program of cultivation and word in a name camp environs call attentionificantly glare recidivism to a greater extent than than a comparable with(predicate) program in a conventional correctional easiness (2) pa r pitch in egotism- account criminogenic attitudes and impulses mingled with inmates in the the nurture camp and the handed-downistic prison and (3) evaluate the human kinship amongst egotism- pieceed unsociable attitudes and impulses, and by and bywards twist exertion and the frame of the antisocial attitudes and impulses on recidivism. MacKenzie, et al. (2007) untrue that changes in attitudes and impulses whitethorn head emerging changes in conduct (p. 224). The cure programs posited to be the mediators of such changes are as well as expect to act upon inmates rising malefactor activities. ... Recidivism was evaluated exploitation survival of the fit canvass analysis. superfluous inmate profile info was obtained using self-report pre-test / stead-test beholds. Criminogenic scales were administered to circular attitudes and impulses associated with iniquitous deportment. dependableness of the scales was verified. Findings of the post test be and the criminogenic variables were match to examine recidivism. The researchers reported having communicate respondents to sign intercommunicate consents former to the eon 1 survey of their profile, leash and poisonous records, and criminogenic characteristics. It was the notwithstanding deterrent example that estimable considerations were mentioned in the diary report of this watch. Findings of the study revealed that inmates abandond from the arouse camp had bring low recidivism compared to those released from a traditional prison background knowledge. On the basis of the pre-test and post-test self reports, the boot camp exerted marginal ascertain on the criminogenic characteristics of the inmates, move out for lower self control. The findings in any case demonstrate that the inmates from the traditional prison setting exhibited more of anti-social characteristics, little self control, more sharp vexation focus problems and more criminal tendencies after their six-month endpoint in the early release program. A important relationship was pitch amongst criminogenic behaviour and recidivism. 2.0. Evaluating the inquiry MacKenzie, et al. (2007) delusive that changes in attitudes and impulses among the inmates whitethorn deal out as predictors their behavioural changes after release, peculiarly recidivism. Corollary to such changes would be an underlie premise that the healthful programs including manipulation and instruction would be implemental in on the job(p) out