Brazilian Music and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Brazilian Music and Culture - Essay Example Accessibility of music is thus a complex phenomenon that encompasses these features and others that will be explored by this paper with specific reference to the Brazilian carnival and how it relates to the social conditions of the country. Eisentraut asserts that to understand music, it can be categorized into physical, personal and participatory classes1. Accordingly, this paper will start the scrutiny commencing with a draft description of the Brazilian culture and music for the period of the carnival. Globalization has led to more contact with music and in particular to spread of the allure of the carnival across very many nations, with as much 500,000 guest attending the Rio de Janeiro carnival in the year 2013. Historical Background of the Carnival Brazil usually host some of the most vivacious and exuberant carnival celebrations in the world, though other countries most notably china also host carnival celebrations. The carnival celebrations in Brazil can be traced back to Cat holic countries in Europe, these were parties hosted before the Lent (these were the forty days Jesus spent in the wilderness). The celebrations were customarily concluded on Ash Wednesday during which people appreciated the phase of non-indulgence for forty days. The term ‘carnival’ is said to have been derived from the Latin word carne levare, which means ‘to remove meat’, during the Lent eating of meat by Catholics is forbidden. The carnival has since moved from the religious nature of the party to a more of a street party composed of lots of music, dancing and elegant displays of costumes. It has retained the celebrations, as they take place before the Ash Wednesday that is between Saturday and Tuesday. The world’s most famous and arguably, the biggest street carnival is the Rio de Janeiro one, Salvador does also host a comparatively big street carnival. Street celebrations do take an array of styles throughout the country, different towns and ci ties across the country have street carnivals where live bands march along the streets playing sambas and marchas, and they are then followed by very many carnival enthusiasts. Music component in the carnival Music genres played during the festival varies across the country with each region’s style an indication of European, African and Indo-American influence2. The genres reveal significant differences in the styles and music played between the North Eastern region and that of the South Eastern region. The music performed in the North Eastern areas is generally samba, samba-reggae and axe. This music style derives a lot of influence from the African music more specifically from the Yoruba slaves brought from West Africa; they composed and performed their song in a bid to show union amongst themselves and to denounce slavery3. As early as in the late 1800s the black population in this region began commemorating the festival with their own unique style. In the streets of Olind a and Recife, the music played during the carnival is mostly the local favourite genre the frevo, in addition to this genre maracatu, samba, samba reggae, axe amongst others are also played. In the state of Bahia, during the carnival it is common to spot trio electricos- these are long Lorries full of musicians playing loud and deafening music

Media assignment Essay Example for Free

Media assignment Essay The article Bad parents? Expel kids has three underlying psychological assumptions or issues. The first is that teachers are applying for new rules to allow them to expel pupils who have badly behaved parents;  Head teachersdemanded new laws to allow them to expel pupils whose parents are violent or abusive towards staff  The teachers are wanting to do this as they believe that if the parents show abusive behaviour, their children will show similar behaviour as parents are seen as role models. This links with Bandura et als Bashing Bobo study, where they showed how childrens behaviour changes to how they see adults conduct themselves. Also in the article is the view that teaching boards should be able to do everything in their powers to parents who neglect their children;  Education authorities are failing to use their powerto tackle feckless parents  Feckless parents refer to those who let their children do whatever they want to. If the parents do not make their children go to school then this will be seen as the right thing to do. This links to Skinner, a behaviourist, and his study of operant conditioning. The third psychological issue is when the general secretary of the national association of head teachers, David Hart, states; that he believes that if a parent and school has a bad relationship, then the schools should have no obligation to teach their children.  If relations between a school and a particular parenthas broken down I really dont think we should educate their children  He believes that poor relationships between schools and parents will have bad effects on the pupils education. These poor relationships link to Tajfels study on insiders and outsiders. Bandura et als experiment on Bashing bobo provides the psychological evidence behind the first issue. They created a number of situations using groups of small children, different toys a large doll (bobo) and a role model (an adult who demonstrated different behaviours). Bandura et al found that the children who were shown no violent behaviour by the model, towards bobo, showed none or little violent behaviour. However, a large proportion of the children who were shown violent behaviour towards bobo acted in a violent way also. This links to the article where teachers believe they should have the power to expel pupils whose parents are abusive towards teaching staff. This is because all parents are role models for their children. Therefore the children will see the behaviour of their parents and believe this to be the way to act. In 1938 a behaviourist called Skinner carried out a study on rats where he showed how the rats behaviour could be shaped until it learned what was required. This study supplies the psychological evidence behind the second assumption in the newspaper article. Skinner created a habitat for rats which included a lever in its cage. To start with if the rat got close to the lever food would come out of a hatch. This process progressed until the rats actually had to push the lever to receive the food. When this was learnt, the rat did not actually think consciously what it was doing, it just did it when it wanted food. This relates to the article as if these feckless parents persist in not making their children go to school then their behaviour will be shaped as they will view this behaviour to be correct. They will do this without even thinking about what they are doing or the consequences. The psychological evidence that lies behind the third issue raised is that of Tajfels study of insiders and outsiders. Tajfel carried out a study, in which there were 64 schoolboy subjects, into intergroup discrimination. He placed the boys into different groups, although the children did not know who else was in the group. He then asked them to assign money in certain ways. He found that the boys discriminated against the groups other than his own. This shows ethnocentrism, where we believe that the group we belong to is the norm and all other groups are not as good. This links to the article and the poor relations between teachers and parents. This could show that the parents believe they are better than the teachers as they are not part of their group. Therefore the teachers are discriminated against. This could go onto show that as the parents believe this so will their children, so they to will discriminate against the teachers.  In relation to the first psychological assumption I would suggest that head teachers are given the right to expel pupils whose parents are abusive towards teachers. If these changes were made then the abusive parents may think more about the consequences of their behaviour. If their attitude did change then their children would perceive this as how to act, as parents are role models. Therefore the childrens attitude would also change. This change in rules for head teachers may act as operant conditioning, which links to the study on this by Skinner. A suggestion base on the second psychological issue would be to arrange behaviour modification sessions with the feckless parents. These sessions will tell them that they need to make their children go to school as they will be rewarded in the long run. This would be because their children may get better jobs and therefore the parents will be proud and may benefit financially. The shaping of the parents behaviour will then be seen by the children and their views towards school will also change. Also the parents may encourage their children to go to school, they will do this as they will both ultimately benefit. Based on the third issue within the article I would suggest that the parents whose relationships with schools have broken down should be sent a very formal letter inviting them in for a talk. During this talk they should be shown how difficult it is to teach pupils whose parents have no respect for them. They should be told that the pupils also believe that teachers deserve no respect. If a normal relationship can be made then the students may look at this and also change their relationship with their teachers. References Oliver, K (2000) Psychology and Everyday Life. Hodder and Stoughton.

The Truth Behind Coffee Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Truth Behind Coffee      Ã‚  Ã‚   The picture may seem familiar. Tumbling out of bed and stumbling around in the kitchen-you begin your day. But wait. It cannot begin properly without that daily ritual, the morning cup of coffee. The aroma swirls throughout the room. What can compare to the richness and fullness of that first cup of coffee?    Americans lead the world in coffee drinking, consuming an average of 3.4 cups per person per day (Pennybacker 18). Gourmet coffee houses are sprouting up all over the place. But what is the real story behind this dark brown liquid? Is it as innocent as it first seems-just a pleasant morning pick-me-up? Unfortunately it isn't. Much of today's coffee is grown in such a way that it damages the environment, although it has been proven that there are far less harmful methods.    Coffee grows only in the tropics, in Mexico, Central and Latin America, Indonesia, and Africa. The field must be at an altitude between 3000 and 5000 feet with a temperature between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. For optimum growth, coffee must have shade from nearby trees and overhead growth, but it also requires at least two hours of sunlight each day ("Shrinking Shadowland" 60). These are the only requirements nececssary for coffee to grow well. Coffee comes from small green beans that are really pits of a fruit resembling a cherry. The morning coffee poured into a mug comes from a small tree (or bush) that grew for seven years before it bloomed and grew the fruit that held the beans. After one of these trees produced one pound of coffee, its life was over ("Shrinking" 61).    It was in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that coffee seeds from the Middle East took to the fertile soil of... ...n one percent of the 6.3 billion pounds of coffee imported into the U.S. each year (Pennybacker 19).    The merits of full-sun coffee plantations don't even begin to measure up to the benefits of shade plantations. Shade plantations benefit both the workers and the environment. The few extra dollars paid for organic coffee might make the difference between seeing that black-throated green warbler in your yard again next spring or not.       Works Cited Pennybacker, Mindy. "Habitat-Saving Habit." Audubon Nov./Dec. 1997: 18-19. "Shrinking Shadowland." Utne Reader. Nov/Dec. 1994: 72. "Why Migratory Birds Are Crazy for Coffee." Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. 1997. Smithsonian Institution. 24 April 2000 <http://www.si.edu/smbc/fxshts/fxsht1a.htm>.    Wille, Chris. "The Birds and the Beans." Audubon Nov./Dec. 1994: 58-64.    The Truth Behind Coffee Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics The Truth Behind Coffee      Ã‚  Ã‚   The picture may seem familiar. Tumbling out of bed and stumbling around in the kitchen-you begin your day. But wait. It cannot begin properly without that daily ritual, the morning cup of coffee. The aroma swirls throughout the room. What can compare to the richness and fullness of that first cup of coffee?    Americans lead the world in coffee drinking, consuming an average of 3.4 cups per person per day (Pennybacker 18). Gourmet coffee houses are sprouting up all over the place. But what is the real story behind this dark brown liquid? Is it as innocent as it first seems-just a pleasant morning pick-me-up? Unfortunately it isn't. Much of today's coffee is grown in such a way that it damages the environment, although it has been proven that there are far less harmful methods.    Coffee grows only in the tropics, in Mexico, Central and Latin America, Indonesia, and Africa. The field must be at an altitude between 3000 and 5000 feet with a temperature between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. For optimum growth, coffee must have shade from nearby trees and overhead growth, but it also requires at least two hours of sunlight each day ("Shrinking Shadowland" 60). These are the only requirements nececssary for coffee to grow well. Coffee comes from small green beans that are really pits of a fruit resembling a cherry. The morning coffee poured into a mug comes from a small tree (or bush) that grew for seven years before it bloomed and grew the fruit that held the beans. After one of these trees produced one pound of coffee, its life was over ("Shrinking" 61).    It was in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that coffee seeds from the Middle East took to the fertile soil of... ...n one percent of the 6.3 billion pounds of coffee imported into the U.S. each year (Pennybacker 19).    The merits of full-sun coffee plantations don't even begin to measure up to the benefits of shade plantations. Shade plantations benefit both the workers and the environment. The few extra dollars paid for organic coffee might make the difference between seeing that black-throated green warbler in your yard again next spring or not.       Works Cited Pennybacker, Mindy. "Habitat-Saving Habit." Audubon Nov./Dec. 1997: 18-19. "Shrinking Shadowland." Utne Reader. Nov/Dec. 1994: 72. "Why Migratory Birds Are Crazy for Coffee." Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. 1997. Smithsonian Institution. 24 April 2000 <http://www.si.edu/smbc/fxshts/fxsht1a.htm>.    Wille, Chris. "The Birds and the Beans." Audubon Nov./Dec. 1994: 58-64.   

Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (Bacps)

Bangladesh Bank Head Office, Dhaka Payment Systems Division PSD Circular No. 02/2009 Managing Director/Chief Executive Officers All scheduled banks in Bangladesh Date : 4 Falgun 1415 February 16, 2009 Dear Sir, Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (BACPS) at the expanded Dhaka Clearing Region. You are aware that Bangladesh Bank has been working to modernize the country’s payment system. The most visible step towards modernizing payment system is the establishment of the Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (BACH). Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (BACPS) is one of two components of BACH. The other component of BACH is the Bangladesh Electronic Funds Transfer Network (BEFTN), which will be implemented immediately after implementing first phase of BACPS. Selected vendor has already started procuring necessary hardware and software for the BACPS solution. Detailed system specifications and operational configurations are being defined and calculated with a target of going live operation at expanded Dhaka Clearing Region with more than 1050 bank branches of 49 banks in and around the capital city during the second half of 2009. 2. The basic features of BACPS are the adoption of new cheque design standard with a Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) code line and the exchange of cheque-image and data instead of paper cheques for clearing and settlement purpose. Retention of the original paper cheque will become the responsibility of the presenting bank rather than the paying bank. Banks are required to make arrangement and develop infrastructures to meet the requirements of the new system. Bangladesh Bank will adopt necessary Regulation(s) and issue Operating Rules and Procedures in this regard. Standards of cheques for BACPS have already been circulated and banks have meanwhile been advised to take steps to print uniform standardized cheques with MICR line. Appropriate information to the banks about requirements they must meet to participate in and interface with BACPS are provided below: (i) Point of Truncation: All scheduled banks who are members of the Dhaka Clearing House will be required to submit their list of selected branches and to finalize their â€Å"point of truncation† for submission of their outward cheque images and data to BACPS and be prepared to handle cheque image and data as part of their inward clearing operations. Banks can choose to truncate and process their cheques at individual branch level or at a consolidation point in line with their business needs. However, it must be noted that each bank will have only one Point of Truncation for BACPS. (ii) Scanning Standard: Images must be captured for both the sides (front and back) of each instrument in the format prescribed below: Image Type 01. 02. Front : Black and White Back : Black and White DPI range 200-300 DPI 200-300 DPI Format TIFF TIFF Compression CCITT G4 CCITT G4 3. iii) Software/Integration: All banks will receive images and data, not paper cheques, from the BACPS for all of the items for which they are the paying bank. Therefore, all banks must acquire the capability to accept as well as to send the image files and data from and to the BACPS. However, those banks who will not be able to equip themselves for processing out clearing items electronically within the stipulated time, will be allowed to process their ‘out-clearingsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ by using the Bangladesh Bank’s own facility at Motijheel for a limited time. However, banks availing of ‘out-clearing’ facilities will have to acquire the capability to receive their ‘In-clearing’ items electronically. Once in-clearing data and images are delivered to a bank by BACPS, the subsequent verification and Contd†¦ P/2 -2- processing of that information becomes the responsibility of the respective paying bank. Bangladesh Bank will supply a gateway software module, known as the Participating Bank Module (PBM) which will act as a gateway, amongst other functions, enabling the receipt or transmission of images and transaction data from and to the BACPS. iv) Communication Links: All scheduled banks are required to put in place two secure communication links, one with BACH Headquarter at Motijheel and another with the BACH Disaster Recovery Site (DRS) at Mirpur. The size and scalability of these links will depend on each bank’s mode of operation and daily volumes. It is preferred that banks acquire fibre optic link an d another redundant communication link with BACH at Motijheel and DRS at Mirpur, Dhaka. 4. Participating banks are required to accomplish the following tasks within the time stipulated below : Activity Issuing MICR standard cheques and phasing out non-standard cheques used by customers b. Selection of vendor(s) and submission of plan for installing necessary hardware and software for cheque processing and connectivity with BACH c. Communication links installed between banks and the BACH d. Users’ Acceptance Test (UAT) for each individual bank with BACPS e. BACPS LIVE a. Dead-line 01-03-2009 to 30-05-2009 30-04-2009 31-05-2009 01-06-2009 to 30-07-2009 03-08-2009 5. The purpose of this circular and distribution of functional specifications is to provide an initial understanding about the requirements that must be met by the participating banks. Detailed specifications attached to this circular are: (i) Active Image Clearing System (AICS) Specification containing the format of the files to be exchanged between BACPS and participating banks (Annexure-I) (ii) PBM Specification regarding functionality for gateway software module (Annexure-II) (iii) Network Specification describing standards for the communication links and security devices required for interfacing with the BACH (Annexure-III) All of these Annexures may be provided in soft versions on a CD and also be available at our website. 6. It is, therefore, advised that member banks update their preparations to be in step with the progress of the implementation of the BACH. The BACPS rules and procedures will be forwarded to you in due course. Please acknowledge receipt. ( Chowdhury Mohidul Haque ) Executive Director, Bangladesh Bank and Project Director, RPP Project Tel: 7167988, Fax: 7164233 Email: chowdhury. [email  protected] org. bd

Key success factors for Airtel using Porters value chain Analysis Essay

The methodology of the report is carried out by observing and analyzing various secondary sources. The various secondary sources are study of value chain model in detail from various books and different net sources.. Other than these , study of key factors in the growth of airtel industry. Agter study of key factors, a complete knowledge of industry is taken from various secondary sources. (1. 1)Profile of the company Bharti Airtel Limited, which is also known as Airtel, is an multinational telecommunications services company of India which is headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in 20 countries and some of them are south Africa, Asia, channel countries. Airtel has GSM network in all countries in which it operates, providing services such as 2G, 3G, 4G depending upon the country of operation. Airtel is the world’s third largest mobile telecommunications company by subscribers, with over 275 million subscribers across 20 countries as of July 2013. It is the largest cellular service provider in India, with 192. 22 million subscribers as of August 2013. Airtel is the third largest in-country mobile operator by subscriber base. Airtel is the largest provider of mobile telephony and second largest provider of fixed telephony in India, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services. It offers its telecom services under the â€Å"airtel† brand, and is headed by Sunil Bharti Mittal. Bharti Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve Cisco Gold Certification. And it also acts as a carrier for national and international long distance communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore. Airtel is credited with pioneering the business strategy of outsourcing all of its business operations except marketing, sales and finance and building the ‘minutes factory’ model of low cost and high volumes. The strategy has since been copied by several operators. And its network base stations, microwave links, is maintained by Ericsson and Nokia. Vision: 1. Become the most loved brand by 2015 2. Multiplatform services in telecom, enterprise and digital television, unified under brand â€Å"airtel† 3. Amongst the Top 100 of Most Valuable Global Brands 4. No. 1 service brand in India CHAPTER – 2 (2. 0) Effects of value chain analysis: Many organizations do not achieve the profits they anticipate by using incorrect methods or models to determine the true costs of products and services. This failure to correctly assess the costs associated with business not only affects the profit margin, but the organizations competitive advantage as well. In order to assess whether the organization is failing to realize optimum resource allocation, the organization should look at the methodology first popularized by Michael Porter titled the Value Chain Analysis (VCA). â€Å"VCA seeks to define the entire chain through which goods are supplied to a customer†. The VCA can be a powerful tool in increasing an organization’s competitive advantage; by correctly pricing products and assessing the true costs of materials and labour, organizations can align the improvements in efficiency and quality with its objectives. The value chain includes all the activities involved in product making. It is a useful tool to measure the value created for each activity in the process of product creation. It is a part of a firm’s strategic planning to arrange these activities in a way that the total value, the value that buyers are willing to pay, exceeds the total cost. According to Porter , a company can create value through a cost advantage or product differentiation. The activities in the value chain are not independent. Linkages may exist between activities. In fact, one process may affect the cost and performance of the others. Linkage can exist between primary activities, as well as, between primary and support activities. Therefore, competitive advantages can also be derived from the linkages between activities. Airtel seeks to create value through diversification by moving across businesses that share both operational and corporate relatedness. With this approach, it expects to achieve high resource sharing and consequently, significant cost reduction. It looks at operational relatedness since a number of its businesses operate across similar technologies and thus the platform for a given product can be used directly for extending the service from a completely new product. As an example, the cables for a telephone connection provided by Airtel can be used to provide broadband service to the customer without any significant change in infrastructure. The skills required from the technicians are also not very different and thus economies of scale are quite possible (2. 1) The Added-value Chain: According to McPhee and Wheeler , focusing on the firm’s internal core activities is not sufficient to generate value in today’s firms. The authors propose an added-value chain model that includes a set of expanded business activities from different business models and a redefinition of value that incorporates brand, reputation, and relationship-based value drivers of the firm. In the added-value chain model, the definition of value incorporates profit margin and intangible assets like leadership quality, innovate capability, brand equity and competences in strategic-alliance development. This new value definition gives to the firms the ability to evaluate how their strategies affect both â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† assets of the firms . This model is incomplete for example in finding and exploring non-linear value opportunities. Chapter – 3 (3. 0) Key success factors: Airtel has its presence in all 23 circles of the Indian telecom industry. Some of its key success factors are: Brand name: Airtel is a well known name throughout the world. So due to its internationalization strategy It is earning a huge amount of profit. One Step Ahead: Airtel always believe in staying one step ahead of its rivals and it achieves this by doing multidimensional expansion. And this thing can be achieved only by a stable and visionary management. Business Process Outsourcing: Airtel always follows the strategy of outsourcing of all the non core activities and it keep on focussing on core activities. And it is also known as the first mobile company to outsource everything except marketing and sales. The outsources infrastructure and I. T operations from I. B. M, Nortel and Wipro and communication networks from Nokia and recently with Cisco and Servion to provide hosted contact centre services. Innovations in VAS: Airtel has separate value added services for consumers and business enterprises. And other services such as Airtel online desktop for Airtel broadband users which provides free online space for storing, also editing and sharing. It also provides free software and updates on rental basis. M-Commerce: Airtel has also idea for introducing m – commerce as one of its value added service. Because still 80 to 85 percent of population is looking for financial transactions using mobile technology. So it’s a good step. Network: Airtel packs a punch when it comes to network coverage. The aim of Sunil Bharti Mittal wasto creates a network which is clear even when in the basement. Airtel has done just that and beyond. (3. 1) Strategies of Airtel: Mobile to mobile payment: This is the first mobile-to-mobile payment option, which enables Airtel customers and ICICI bank visa cardholders to pay for their purchases with their Airtel mobile phones. Joint venture: Airtel realised that the role of mobile telephony must surpass the conventional school of thought in India. Ever since internet banking has kick started in India, it was just a matter of time before mobile banking started playing the role of a constant revenue stream. The only drawback is the lack of infrastructure in India when it comes to cashless purchase To target around 55 million farmers fertiliser cooperative of India came in with a joint venture with airtel. This venture will help the farmers with the help of telecommunication services. And it will also help in giving the vital information to the farmers. And this is an innovative way of targeting the lower part of the pyramis whereas competitiors are not doing so. Hiring strategy: Airtel has a history of hiring some of the high level officials from other companies to be an integral part of their business. AIRTEL IN WIRELESS IN INDIA: If we talk about wireless network airtel is at no. one position in India. It has a large customer base in comparison to other networks. So, from wireless they earn a total of 30% of revenue from market share. If we will see from the figure, airtel has 187 million customers in india which is the largest. And this proves that value chain plays a very important role in maintaining a profit margin. from this we came to know that the technology advancement , which is a secondary activity and operation , inbound logistics of primary activities is quite strong. FIG – (1) – WIRELESS SUBSCRIBERS Value chain model of Airtel If we talk about value chain model of Airtel, first we will start with some key factors and we will fit them in a particular step of value chain , so that we can identify how it is giving extra value to the firm. So we will discuss each step in brief one by one. 1) BRAND NAME: Airtel is a well known name and is recognised throughout the world. It has its presence in various countries. If we talk through clear facts it is present in twenty countries and this brand is addressable to around 1. 8 bn population. It has its presence in different corners of world and is a major player in Africa country. It is considered as the provider of best services. It is also number one service brand in india. so because of having an image of respectful brand it is having a huge profit and they are having a profit margin. So its become an important part of value chain as it is providing value to the firm. So we can put this in technological advancement as because of good provider of services and technology it becomes a favourable brand.

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The Naive Mentality of the West Essays

The Naive Mentality of the West Essays The Naive Mentality of the West Essay The Naive Mentality of the West Essay Throughout the past decade, the Arab world endured the most dreadful situations, specifically the Middle East. The consequences that resulted from the wars and terrorist attacks in the area, portrayed a negative image on the Arab families in general. Media speculations and misleading stories that segregate the Arab families from ones of different ethnicity has become a major complication for Arabs on different levels. Relocating families certainly face a harsh time but those of an Arab origin await an unlike experience. Ever since the crisis struck the region, migrating families started undergoing incomparable mistreatment. Arab Muslim families that moved to the United States were mostly affected due to the propaganda that the media had engraved in the minds of the citizens. Many Americans only needed a look at the clothing of a person to start their discrimination process. From then on everything goes downhill. â€Å"The terrorist attacks of September 11th not only brought Arabs to public attention, but also put them at risk and in danger of discrimination and prejudice. Hate crimes targeting Muslims increased by 1600% from 2000 to 2001 (CNN.com, 2002). Hate crimes against people of Middle Eastern origin or descent increased from 354 attacks in 2000 to 1501 attacks in 2001 (Oswald)†.(Isra 2012) Along with those complications many families were harassed each member in a different way. The man in the family is looked down upon at his work and he encounters a decrease in earnings. Muslim women were distinguished due to their â€Å"Hijab† which instantly revealed their ethnicity. â€Å"The Muslim women in Chicago reported having their headscarves pulled off their heads and being spat at on the street†. (Isra 2012). The Arab children had a feeling of inferiority at schools and loneliness. The language barrier and diverse cultural education made it hard for them to adapt with the circumstances and moreover the bullying they went through. Were

All You Need to Know About a Movie Review

All You Need to Know About a Movie Review All You Need to Know about a Movie Review We all love watching movies and discussing them with friends, relatives or simply online on social networks and forums. That is why it may seem quite a simple assignment. However, writing a college assignment is a bit different, as you not only have to render the plot but also make a research, analyze events and characters. If you want your review to be interesting and complete, you may require some help. Goal of a movie review Many students mistakenly take a movie review for a very simple assignment, leaving it for the last day or even downloading samples online. They think that such a review is just a description of main events and characters, and doesn’t require any writing or analytical skills. However, a good movie review is a combination of personal thoughts on the plot and an objective description of the situation. You need to complete your review in such an interesting way that the reader will want to watch the movie. Even if your tutor gives a particular title or topic, always make an assumption that the audience has never seen that movie before, as it will help you convey the thoughts in a simple and clear manner. Actually, being able to provide the review in an understandable manner is one of the skills your tutor will want to see. He will also want to make sure that you possess critical thinking and can interlink lots of details. Make sure your movie review contains enough details for the reader to make up his mind whether to watch the film or not. Another goal of a movie review is to see how well you are able to analyze characters and plots. In addition, your tutor will want to see how well your writing skills are, how broad your vocabulary is and how easily you are able to switch from one topic to another. However, in comparison with many other written assignments, a movie review is a fun and entertaining task and knowing all the main tools and tips, you will find it very interesting to complete! What you need to know about completing a movie review Once you have received a task to complete a movie review, you have tens of questions. Stop, take a deep breath and don’t worry! If you don’t know where to start or how to make your review as academic as possible, just go on reading and you will get all the data you need. Steps to a perfect movie review Getting started is always difficult and a right beginning of the paper will set the tone to your essay. Here are the useful tips you need to know: Watch the film two times before starting your work, as you may miss some details. Make notes not only on the key events but also on minor situations, emotions or even dialogues. Don’t rely on your memory, as every detail may be important; Don’t neglect a proper research. It is not enough just to watch the movie if you want your review to be full and deep. Get relevant information on the producer, cast, plot, locations, historic background and other necessary details if possible. Such data will help you to complete a full and catchy review; Don’t start your work until you understand the plot of the movie. If you didn’t get the main idea, watch the movie again and only then start working on your essay; Complete an outline before writing an essay. It will be much easier to complete the paper if you have a clear structure in front of you; Always provide examples. You need to back your ideas with relevant examples both positive and negative ones. If you want to persuade the reader, you need to give examples from the movie. In addition, if the movie has any ‘holes’, don’t hesitate to write about it. Your essay shouldn’t look like a praise or a critique; Make comments on the movie’s quality and originality. Don’t hesitate to compare it to other movies or books, providing examples of plagiarism or similarity. Comment whether the film stands out from the rest or simply uses the same patterns as others. Organization of the paper It is always important to plan the work well in advance not depending on the assignment you have. That is why you shouldn’t neglect creating an outline before starting your work on the essay. Such outlines help you to concentrate on the topic and to interlink paragraphs. Such approach will definitely help you to save time for the future and you will know what details and matters you want to include to your text, without wasting time on thousands of thoughts on the subject. Such a plan will also help you to avoid stress and anxiety, and you will be able to complete your movie review before the deadlines. An outline of a movie review should contain such points, as: Don’t forget to include information on the movie, like title, date of release and general information you find necessary; Summary of the plot; Analysis of elements, like action, climax and others; Indication of creative elements. They include characters, visual effects, usage of camera, dialogues, tone, signs, costumes and everything you want to mention; Personal opinion, backed with examples from the movie; Here you need to summarize the whole essay, write whether producers have reached their goals and explain how the movie helped you to understand the main topic. Parts of the movie review Every written assignment consists of a list of key elements, which form its general structure. Here is what you need to include to your movie review: Title of the movie. It may sound surprising but many students forget including the name of the movie to their introductory section. Don’t make such mistakes and always mention the title in the first paragraph, even though you have stated it in the headline; The main goal of a movie review is to summarize it and give the reader an overall idea on the plot to help him decide whether to watch the movie or not. Your job is to explain the plot and express your general opinion. However, saying whether you liked it or not is not enough. You need to back your words with examples and valid reasons; One of the best details you may include to your work is providing information on the filmmaker. Write a couple paragraphs on his background, like previous works, political views and any other details you will find relevant. This may give the reader an addition motive to watch the movie; Importance to the audience and class. Depending on the class you are writing a review for, provide information on its relevance. If the movie is based on a book, write about similar and different approaches or analyze various elements. If it is a historical movie for your history class, add details on dates and characters; Creative details. Every producer and cast works really hard to transform a simple script into a beautiful motion picture. They use multiple creative elements and your goal is to analyze them. Are they interesting and realistic? Were they relevant for the plot? The cast. Describing actors is always interesting, so you shouldn’t neglect such descriptions. What famous actors were involved? Was the cast realistic? Did they reveal all sides of the characters’ personalities? What was your overall impression from the actors? Checklist for a great movie review   Catchy introduction with the title, date of release, topic and basic information; Accurate depiction; Analysis of sources; Creative details that make the picture perfect. They include great script, visual effects, light, make up, costumes, design and much more; Personal opinion; Conclusions. Common mistakes Absence of focus on the movie. Many students want to include as many details as possible and their review becomes too heavy. To avoid such mistakes, concentrate on the key aspects and don’t write general information. For example, history of the movie industry or how many children the camera man has; Writing in first person. Review is always a personal opinion on a book, event or a movie. That is why it is not necessary to include ‘I’ in every sentence. This may distract the reader and may seem unprofessional; Not checking facts. It is obvious: you need to check the title, date of release, producer’s name and other important details before including them to your text; Not backing your opinion with examples or proofs. Although review is a personal opinion on the movie, you still need to provide examples and reasons to back your thoughts; Avoiding a clear structure; Completing your review, using generalities. They include ‘great movie’, ‘nice actors’ and so on; Concentrating on the plot without analyzing the background and possible impact on the society. Title examples Dystopia: one of the latest trends in cinematography; I am Legend review; Ideas of compassion in 90s movies; Jigsaw: popularity of violence on screens; Similarities and differences of Robinson Crusoe and The Martian. Help with a movie review As any written assignment, a movie review requires lots of time and attention, which modern students often lack due to a tight curriculum and many additional assignments to complete. However, you don’t need to worry, as modern world offers a great deal of services, which may be of a great use, when completing a movie review. Such help includes: Professional essay writing. When you don’t have enough time or inspiration to complete the assignment on your own, there is always a chance to contact a writing service. Our company has many years of experience and our talented writers are always there to help you. All you need to do is to indicate details and wait until we complete your review. We guarantee flexible prices, absence of plagiarism and always meeting the deadlines; Professional editing. When you already have a completed movie review and need someone to edit it, you can always ask your friends or relatives. However, not all of them possess editing skills and you can make everything even worse. That is why it is better to contact our editors and proofreaders, who will correct all the possible mistakes and make changes if necessary to help you review to be smooth and readable. Here are the things that can also help: Proper organization. It is obvious that a perfect assignment always has a clear and logical structure, which is prepared well in advance. If you are not sure how to complete a great outline, you can always visit our blog section and read tens of posts on how to complete a written assignment, use sources, structure your review and much more. In addition, we provide students with work samples to give you an overall idea of the assignment. There is also a chance to upload your review to our checker and get information on its wordiness, common mistakes and repetitive expressions; Usage of sources. Many students think that a movie review doesn’t require analysis of background information and working with sources or other materials. However, almost every topic aims to connect the movie to a certain event or problem, so research of basic information is crucial. If you don’t have time, you can get help of our writers, who will do the research for you! Personal approach. One of the most difficult aspects of a movie review is that it should be a combination of both: a personal approach and an objective description of the plot/events/background. For many students such balance is very hard to achieve, so you simply need to provide us with details on the title, basic information and personal opinion, and our writers will do the rest. Frequently asked questions Is a particular formatting style required when completing a movie review? You should always ask your tutor for formatting recommendations, as there are no general instructions about written assignments. In most of the cases, a movie review is free of any formatting peculiarities. However, in some cases, your tutor may ask you to complete it in an MLA formatting style. Can I copy a movie review online? Nowadays, tutors use all the online tools and software to determine whether a paper is plagiarized or not. That is why we strongly recommend you to write a unique review, using other papers simply like examples to boost your creativity and help to get started. Why should I write a movie review if my major has nothing to do with filmmaking? You should always remember that writing a movie report is a great way to improve lots of your skills, like writing, gathering information, critical thinking, linking details and so on. That is why your tutor wants to check how well you are able to analyze the material and state your personal view on the matter. Even if your major is education, your tutor may assign you with a movie review, which has something to do with the subject you are studying. How can I be sure that your papers are unique? You can always check thousands of reviews online to make sure that all our papers are written from scratch. We put originality first, so you don’t have to worry! In addition, we are always ready to give you a plagiarism report, so you will be sure that your review is original and unique. No one will ever find out that it wasn’t you, who have written the assignment. Will my review be sent to other students? All our authors sign non-disclose papers and have no rights for the paper once it is sent to you. This means that you are the only owner of the paper and it will never be sent to someone else. We guarantee complete confidentiality and total control over the process. What if I require editing? Once you receive a completed paper, you need to read it thoroughly and check whether it fulfills your requirements. If you are not satisfied with the result, you can add notes and send them to us. Our editors will correct the mistakes and provide you with as many revisions as you require. How can I contact you in case I need help with my movie review? Our managers are always here to help you, even if it is late after midnight. We work round-the-clock and you can reach us in one of many convenient ways: a live chat, email or a cellphone number. How to benefit to the fullest Everyone loves movies, so writing a review is one of the most popular and interesting assignments any student can obtain. It is a great way to show your writing skills, an ability to collect information and provide personal opinion on the subject. However, despite its simplicity, it can become a real headache and may greatly influence your grades. That is why you need to use all the possible assistance to make sure that your movie review is flawless. Such assistance includes: Professional support. With the help of Internet, it is quite simple to improve your paper and practice in writing an assignment over and over again until you are satisfied with the result. Our writing company is here to help you improve your writing skills, learning from the best writers of the country. We are ready to provide you with notes and tips on how to create a flawless review and our unique software is here to detect all the mistakes of your paper. Just upload a file and identify all the errors that should be corrected. In such a way, your tutor won’t be able to find any mistakes in the text and you will greatly improve your writing skills; Improvement of grades. Using various online sources, like writing services, special software, forums and so on, is a great way to improve your grades. All you need to do is to get access to multiple websites, blogs and specific software to check your grammar and vocabulary, boost creativity or simply to chat with same-minded students from all over the world. This will greatly improve your grades and will save lots of your time.

The family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The family - Essay Example This traditional notion of the family is not only being challenged by new social realities but by anthropologists such as Jane Collier, Michelle Z. Rosaldo and Sylvia Yanagisako, the authors of â€Å"Is there a family?† who quite persuasively argue that the family is not â€Å"†¦a universal human institution.† They argue, â€Å"†¦the family is not as a concrete institution designed to fulfill universal human needs, but as an ideological construct associated with the modern state† (Collier 1). As controversial as this argument may sound, one finds support from Diane Ackerman’s, â€Å"A Natural History of Love† and in Sara Ruddick’s â€Å"Thinking about the Father.† Scientific and anthropological perspectives concerning the family concept invalidate earlier understandings. It establishes that the family is not a universal phenomenon and that even when it does exist in its traditional form it reflects the human desire for familiar patterns which is derived from the biological instincts. The most generalized concept of family, as the nuclear family which consists of a father, a mother, and children, still exists overwhelmingly in human society, however, new perspectives on the concept of the family is gathering strength. Social anthropologist, Bronislaw Malinowski is responsible for the popular traditional concept of the family as a universal phenomenon. He states, â€Å"The human infant needs parental protection for a much longer period than does the young of even the highest anthropoid apes. The father and mother have to look after the children for a long period, and in turn, derive certain benefits from the care and trouble taken† (Collier 2). According to his argument, the family fulfilled the universal need and so it is a universal institution. The universal function of a family is to nurture children. As he noted, the family unit was preserved and protected by the commitment of its members to one another, by the well-defined roles

Compare and Contrast Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare and Contrast Religion - Essay Example Christian Theism is the classical Christian philosophy of 17th century. The word â€Å"theism† is derived from the Greek word â€Å"theos† which means God. The word was first used in this context by Mr. Ralph Cudworth in the 17th Century. Literally speaking, Christian Theism is, in fact, propagation of Monotheism which means that there is only one God. Many argue that Christian Theism is based on Judaism, the Pagan Gods and the old Greek philosophy but this is disputed and, to a large extent, a matter of opinion. The first two attributes, when read together gives an apparently contradictory yet interwoven understanding of God. Theism defines God to be personal – which means God has characteristics of a human being. Hence God thinks and acts like a human being, takes interest and is involved in the activities of his creations – that is our universe and us, human beings. At the same time, God is also perceived as infinite and transcendent and therefore one can never truly understand or comprehend his nature. As Sire (2004) frames it â€Å"This means that he is beyond scope, beyond measure, as far as we are concerned........All else is secondary†(Sire,â€Å"The Universe Next Door†,2004).Theism also defines God to be omnipresent – and thereby always aware of what is happening in this world. God is, hence, present in everything but not the thing itself. And God is also perceived to be good and thereby all his actions are for the good of human beings. This philosophy throws up some interesting thinking and concepts. This inherently assumes that the world is logical and has a co-relation between cause and effect. God has created an underlying order into the universe and therefore the world and the universe is meaningful. Though not a defined Christian Theist, perhaps the best expression of this concept was uttered by Mr. Albert Einstein when he said â€Å"You believe in the god who plays dice, and I in complete law and order

The Perils of Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Perils of Nationalism - Essay Example The compositions of different tribes and ethnic in United Kingdom demonstrates that the State can be comprised of different nations. The country have four distinct region namely England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland2. During the scramble and partition of Africa, the European nation demarcated territory in disregard of the cultural, linguistic and history of the inhabitant of Africa. They, therefore, established borders with different nations within the states. This had remained so even when all the African countries gained independently, and there is always constant conflict between different cultures as they fight to limited resources3. Moreover, there are nations that comprise of a single nation. For example, South Korea consists of a single ethnic group that share a language and a culture. This is different to other countries that have more from one ethnic group, but form a states that engage in negotiations with other states for the good of its people. In conclusion, States are either comprised of a single nation or several nations within its territory, and it is how well a states manages it affair that keeps the nations within it in harmony and avoid the emergence of nationalism and establishment of the new

American Children Addicted to Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

American Children Addicted to Fast Food - Essay Example There are many types of fast food outlets that are providing the consumers with burgers, soft drinks, French fries and other such types of items that are considered as non-healthy. Some popular brands of fast food outlets are McDonalds, KFC, Burger King, Hardees and other such types of outlets. The reason why the young generation gets attracted towards the fast food outlets are they like hanging out with friends and partying all the times, fast food items are available almost everywhere and it is also inexpensive. Students are able to buy the fast food with their pocket money. In school canteens if we observe, majority of the items sold to students are of junk food and unhealthy items such as chips, fries, burgers and other such items. These types of unhealthy food affect the ability of the child for attaining proper nutritious food. Due to constant intake of fast food, the consumers and especially students may have to face situations of malnutrition. Unhealthy food has a lot of consequences. It affects the health very badly for both young and old consumers. Unhealthy diet tends to be the cause of many diseases that an individual may have to bear due to unhealthy eating lifestyle. Fast food products use a large quantity of oil and as we know fried food is not good for the health. The constant use of fast food products by students tends to make them habitual of constantly enjoying fast food and they develop this habit at their adulthood level as well which is not a good sign at all. Fast food may lower the self esteem of an individual as these types of food may make a person feel too full to think actively or do anything active for that matter. Therefore, as we can see many side effects are present for having fast food products by children and especially in America as we know a huge amount of fast food products are consumed by the children. The children may suffer from

Balanced Scorecard Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Balanced Scorecard - Dissertation Example If you can't measure something, you can't understand it. If you can't understand it, you can't control it. If you can't control it, you can't improve it† by H. James Harrington is justified in every aspects of a business environment (USACE, 2005). Measuring performance in an organizational perspective is equally important as its business operations. An organization running its operations without having performance measurement tools can be like a CEO functioning without formulating a strategic plan or an aeroplane flying without its compass. Therefore it can be portrayed that the primary intentions behind measuring performance is to get an idea of how the organization is performing and looking after the possibilities of further development. Performance management enables organizations to measure, plan and control activities in accordance with the predefined strategies. In simple words it facilitates organizations to achieve their desired goals (Johnson, 2007, p.1-2). Some of the major performance measurement tools that are being used in current business scenario include Balanced Scorecard, Economic Value Added (EVA), Activity Based Costing and Management, Performance Prism and Quality Management. However among the aforementioned tools, importance and usage of balanced scorecard will be principally highlighted through the entire report. While the saying ‘balanced scorecard was coined in the early 1990s’, the origin of this approach however is believed to be deep, and also embrace radical work of General Electric (GE) during the early 1950s. The work was basically based on reporting of performance measurement. Apart from this French process engineers have also contributed immensely towards the development of performance management tools. There work was during the early 20th century. In this context the engineers literally developed a â€Å"dashboard† in order to monitor performance levels in a simplified and efficient way. Despite of its early conception, it was originally developed at Harvard business school by Dr. David Norton and Dr. Robert Kaplan in the year 1992. During the initial phases after the development of balanced scorecard, it was merely used as the performance measurement tool or a performance measurement agenda. Nevertheless slowly with the passage of time balanced scorecard has been able to gain much more importance in the professional field. A number of companies incorporated balanced scorecard into their system of operation in order to facilitate effective and well-organized performance measurement system. Nowadays balanced scorecard is considered as a valuable strategic planning tool. It helps an organization to transform its strategic plan from

History Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History Analysis Paper - Essay Example The cold war politics in the Truman years Lessons according to Marshall The Truman years characterized the crazy periods of war and peace interchanges amongst nations as the United States of America, the Soviet Union, Germany, Japan and other European nations. This period encompasses the time after the world war two. Various occurrences of war, victories and loss of life emanated during this time which made history of all ages in the world. This is according to general Marshall. According to general Marshall, one of the renowned military leaders in the states, the American society got prepared enough for any further attacks. He authored a systematic military alliance that could stand any strength of attack from foreign nations. This reading proposes that modern war fare necessitated for careful and skillful military planning. The United States of America got prepared for any further internal catastrophe as a result of the Truman time. This preparation is a reflection of today’ s military actions in the US and other nations in the world, as evidenced by the retiring Eisenhower’s message during the farewell. Moreover, this is evidenced by the class films worked on during the week. According to the author of this reading, maximum preparedness for internal protection was outlaid by George Washington during his time of reign. As a way of adoration to his nation, George strategized and revealed a long tem overdue plan on protection against external attacks. With this, we are able to figure out that military actions were a plan of different nations, and resulted in conceptual counters on the same. Germany is another nation that was sick of military protection during this time. This provides a lesson to the US state of force. With negligence of the American troops to fight in protection of their nation, the German armies were in operation sweeping the entire Europe. It took the remedies of errors made by the armies to protect America. The nation had to get involved in the French war. Marshalll asserts that he had to stand out and persuade the reigning authority on the need to establish an everlasting defense policy in the nation. He perceived this as to save the nation of its myriad wealth which was going waste. With Hitler forging several wars with the American nation, the Great Britain had to stand in between them. But one notion has since pushed America to settle for an internal peace and protection. Considering that it is one of the stronger nations, it is concerned with assigning peace to the entire nations of the world. In this case, we see America standing out as one of the forces of peace during the Truman times. Therefore, according to the author, a nation as the US has all the capacity to prepare for and against war. Technology and war As evidenced during the Truman times, international war is mostly won with skillful utilization of military machines. This is reflective with the American soldiers during this time. According to the author, men are needed in war same to technology. For instance, the American success in air and sea fights centrally dwelt on technology. Apart from relying on me alone, the author empresses that technology is quite subtle to any success in the modern warfare. Moreover, technology is quite contributory to the entire success of national economy. Men are needed as much as technology is important. The farewell address of 1961 This was a farewell that warned the US on the impending military industrial complex. President

Balanced Scorecard Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Balanced Scorecard - Dissertation Example If you can't measure something, you can't understand it. If you can't understand it, you can't control it. If you can't control it, you can't improve it† by H. James Harrington is justified in every aspects of a business environment (USACE, 2005). Measuring performance in an organizational perspective is equally important as its business operations. An organization running its operations without having performance measurement tools can be like a CEO functioning without formulating a strategic plan or an aeroplane flying without its compass. Therefore it can be portrayed that the primary intentions behind measuring performance is to get an idea of how the organization is performing and looking after the possibilities of further development. Performance management enables organizations to measure, plan and control activities in accordance with the predefined strategies. In simple words it facilitates organizations to achieve their desired goals (Johnson, 2007, p.1-2). Some of the major performance measurement tools that are being used in current business scenario include Balanced Scorecard, Economic Value Added (EVA), Activity Based Costing and Management, Performance Prism and Quality Management. However among the aforementioned tools, importance and usage of balanced scorecard will be principally highlighted through the entire report. While the saying ‘balanced scorecard was coined in the early 1990s’, the origin of this approach however is believed to be deep, and also embrace radical work of General Electric (GE) during the early 1950s. The work was basically based on reporting of performance measurement. Apart from this French process engineers have also contributed immensely towards the development of performance management tools. There work was during the early 20th century. In this context the engineers literally developed a â€Å"dashboard† in order to monitor performance levels in a simplified and efficient way. Despite of its early conception, it was originally developed at Harvard business school by Dr. David Norton and Dr. Robert Kaplan in the year 1992. During the initial phases after the development of balanced scorecard, it was merely used as the performance measurement tool or a performance measurement agenda. Nevertheless slowly with the passage of time balanced scorecard has been able to gain much more importance in the professional field. A number of companies incorporated balanced scorecard into their system of operation in order to facilitate effective and well-organized performance measurement system. Nowadays balanced scorecard is considered as a valuable strategic planning tool. It helps an organization to transform its strategic plan from

Are nurses as cost effective as doctors in urgent care centres UK Essay

Are nurses as cost effective as doctors in urgent care centres UK - Essay Example Most hospitals and other medical facilities in London and elsewhere across the country have successfully commissioned or are on the verge of commissioning service models related to urgent care centers, especially at the frontage of the emergency departments. In particular, the urgent care centers provide appropriate response to patients with minor injuries and illnesses that do not require specialized or intensive care. In addition, urgent care centers foster greater integration between urgent services delivered in communities and care services provided in hospitals. Incidentally, most primary care practitioners have stronger links with community services thus enhancing rapid and seamless transfer of patients to relevant pathways (Healthcare for London 2010, p. 29). These care centers have also facilitated integration of the provisions of emergency and urgent care. Virtually all the studies indicated that nurse practitioners provide quality medical care services at comparatively lowe r costs, as well as provide more disease prevention counseling, health promotion activities, health education, and successfully achieve higher levels of patient satisfaction than doctors. According to the National Institute for Health Research (March, 2014), the effectiveness of nurses or nurse practitioners would only be compared with that of junior doctors in relation to treating of patients with minor injuries in urgent care centers and emergency department settings (National Institute for Health Research 2014, p. 5). However, the study offered limited evidence that could prove that nurses reduced the waiting time for patients during assessment or even treatment, as well as patients’ overall length of stay in urgent care centers and emergency departments in entirety. In addition, the study revealed that most patients were satisfied with the nurse practitioner’s high levels of acceptance

Policing Practices and Operations Essay Example for Free

Policing Practices and Operations Essay Law enforcement officers have many duties. Law enforcement officers are sworn to serve and protect society as well as to fight crime. They also maintain order within their jurisdiction, as well as providing other services that the community will benefit from. Most of the time, police officers are considered to be crime fighters, in which this image has been brought to citizen’s attention by the media. The styles of policing should match the community in which they serve, so there is no conflict between the community and the law enforcement officer. The future policing structure does have a huge impact socially, economically, and politically within the community and the police departments general needs so that they can provide the proper policing that is needed. Life threatening situations take place in different circumstances, which includes the law enforcement agencies. Dangers Law enforcement officers face being wounded or murdered as they are on the line of duty in the United States, every year. The greatest threat a police officer will ever face is bodily harm and death. When a law enforcement officer is called to a scene and responds to a disturbance call, the law enforcement officer is confronted with the possibilities of violent actions from an armed suspect. Although, bodily harm as well as death upon a law enforcement officer are not the only dangers in policing. Family issues and stress related illnesses also can be contributing factors to the danger of a law enforcement officer and policing. Law enforcement officer’s jobs can surely take a toll on their lives as well as their well-being. If the pressures of their type of work are handled and coped with property, it could end up becoming life threatening. Today’s law enforcement officers are faced with many dangers within their everyday duties, like rival threats of getting shot. Examples are: vehicle pursuits, traffic control, and foot pursuit, stress, making an arrest, and sun exposure/duty equipment and biohazard exposure. These dangers are exposed to law enforcement officers on a daily basis. This is why it is important for law enforcement officers to wear their bulletproof vests as well as their belts that contain pepper spray, radio, handgun, baton, and handcuffs. All of this specified equipment usually will weigh up to about twenty pounds, which adds stress to the law enforcement officers hips, feet, knees, and back areas. Stress to the law enforcement officers body by getting in and out of their patrol vehicle up to about fifty times within one day, as they have to wear all of their equipment. Law enforcement officers are exposed to the extreme temperatures for many hours at a time. They may have to be in extreme heat c onditions, such as one hundred degree heat, while conducting traffic control at a scene of an accident. They also sometimes have to provide crime scene security when the weather may be in freezing conditions. Law enforcement officers are at the mercy of all weather conditions. Also, a lot of the times law enforcement officers are called to a scene and they are not properly prepared for it because of the weather conditions and they do not have the time to stop somewhere to get what they need to prepare themselves. They may have to stand out in extremely hot or freezing weather without the proper protection they may need or hydration they so desperately have to have. Law enforcement officer’s physical dangers have to be dealt with as well as trying to always be ready for the worst. As this can add so much mental and physical stress upon the law enforcement officer. They have to be aware of their surroundings and environment all the time. Law enforcement officers have to be alert as well as being prepared for all situations that may occur. The officer will rarely have time to get prepared for an emergency call. They have to sometimes rely on the training the received to be able to make important, split second decisions that are based on different circumstances. The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks gained the attention from all the departments within law enforcement. Within the federal policing agencies, they took precautionary measures to make sure that the people of  the United States were safe. Even though, the local and state agencies have managed to keep the people’s fears under control within the United States and communities as well. All of the agencies in the United States have to work fearlessly on preventing and reducing the citizen’s fears caused by terrorism. When terrorism is looked into, law enforcement agencies and Homeland security across the world are very imperative that the agencies try to work together in solving the crimes by using shared information and by having departmental as sistance. All in all, terrorism is always a danger for law enforcement officers. Statistics As reports were published by the National Police Officer Memorial Funds said that in 2010, officer’s fatalities treacherously rose. There was a two year drop of law enforcement mortalities in 2010 that rose to 160. This was intensified by about forty percent compared by looking at the year before. The data gathered by the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund indicated that for the thirteenth consecutive year, the number one cause of law enforcement officers deaths were contributed by traffic fatalities, within thirty nine states. Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia were also involved in law enforcement officer’s related deaths in 2010. Within the third consecutive year in a row, Texas, Florida, and California were ranked on top of the five states that involved the most of law enforcement fatalities. The Federal law enforcement Officers had a total of eleven law enforcement officers that were lost, including the Federal agents that lost their lives in the line of duty during 2010, along with United States Customs, two United States Border Patrol agents, and three Border Protection officers. According with the Federal Bureau of Investigations (2011) website, it stated that fifty-six law enforcement officers were killed in the line of duty. Thirty two law enforcement officers that were among the fifty-six, were employed within city police departments. Thirteen of them were employed for law enforcement agencies within cities of a population consisting of 250,000 or more people that reside there. In Puerto Rico and twenty two other states, there was also line of duty deaths as well. There were fifteen law enforcement officers who lost their lives in ambush situations as well. There were fourteen law enforcement officers that lost their lives in felonious attacks while involved in arrest situations. There were eight law enforcement officers that were killed when they were investigating suspicious persons/circumstances. There were seven law enforcement officers that were killed while working on traffic stops/pursuits. Six law enforcement officers were killed while answering to disturbance calls. There were three law enforcement officers that were killed while they were involved in tactical situations, like high risk entry, barricaded offender, hostage situations, etc. There were two law enforcement officers that were killed upon conducting investigations while searching, interviewing, and looking at surveillance. And one law enforcement officer was killed as they were maintaining custody of a prisoner or while transporting a prisoner. With future policing, I feel that it is important to have close communication with the homeland security. I personally feel that the more communication there is, the more we will progress and bring better policing skills. It is equally as important to have communication with all law enforcement agencies to help in improving all policing operations that are dealt with. In future policing, the importance of keeping law enforcement agencies relationships maintained will build better and stronger agencies. With the relationship within law enforcement agencies and homeland security are not as accurate as seemed. It is understood that all agencies serve different purposes, as they are all in charge of different types of areas within society to serve and protect. I believe that joining forces with other agencies would be beneficial. It would be beneficial because by all working together, there could be issues that could be addressed a lot better. Along with lack of communication among law enforcement agencies and homeland security, we would be able to better handle the various criminal issues better. I feel that this can also improve community policing and law enforcement relationships. With the new technology equipment that police officers receive, they can work on their policing styles, such as being reactive or proactive. Once these issues are changed, there will be better communication with other law enforcement agencies, as they would be able to serve and protect in much more positive ways. This will decrease crime rates as well as increasing practices that  are reactive. As crime rates decrease, and proactive and reactive practices are being practiced, then the start of confidence will show within all law enforcement agencies. Although, there are many differences in the power as well as the authority, responsibilities and roles, and the difference in jurisdiction at the local, state, and federal levels within law enforcement officers. It is clearly apparent that all of the dangers within them remain equally the same. References American bar association. (2011). Standards on urban police functions. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/publications/criminal_justice_section_archive/crimjust_standards_urbanpolice.html Federal bureau of investigations. (2011). Officers feloniously killed. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka/leoka-2010/officers-feloniously-killed Crime in America.NET. (2011). Law enforcement fatalities dramatically increase in 2010. Retrieved from http://crimeinamerica.net/2011/01/04/law-enforcement-fatalities-dramatically-increase-in-2010/

Analysis of the Australian Healthcare System

Analysis of the Australian Healthcare System INTRODUCTION The health of people belonging to any nation is the prime topic of interest for the government of that very nation. On the same lines, it is very essential that the health system should be based on equity principle, such that no one is denied the right to utilize the benefits of the health care system. According to the National Health Reform Agreement, Australian Health care system is also founded on the concept of equity of access efficiency and effectiveness (Adityan2, 2013). It is found to be a world class system in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. The population has a good health status, with the average life expectancy at birth of 81.4 years (women-83.7 and men- 79.2). This is the highest in the entire world. Still even with such statistics, there are certain groups like those of aboriginals and the Torres Islanders, who have a poor health status (AGDH, 2014). Australian government works under the scheme of medicare, which aims at providing help with high medical cost s and the hospital costs. Another scheme called the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) has also been implemented so that the costs of most of the medicines is subsidized. This essay describes the current scenario that prevails in the Australian democracy, regarding the status of equity of access, its effectiveness and the efficiency of the healthcare system. Effectiveness in this regard focuses on the ratio of outputs to outcomes. These three components form the basis of an ideal health system. In other words, a health system that if effective and efficient, is able to yield estimated outcome, is able to generate profitable outputs and is easily accessible (widely distributed), is an ideal health system for any country (NHHRC, 2009). The aim of this essay is to discuss the postulates of equity of access, effectiveness and efficiency in the Australian health care system and also throw light on the interrelationships among these concepts. EQUITY According to the US health and human rights academics Braverman and Gruskinn equity is an ethical concept with the baseline of distributive justice. With respect to healthcare, equity aims to eliminate unequal opportunites that are provided, to be healthy. Such opportunities are not given to those who have membership of socially less privileged groups like the poor people, handicapped, disenfranchised racial, cultural or ethnic groups. Mostly the people living in the rural areas are treated this way. If equity has to be considered with respect to the health care practices, then all the disparities or discriminations based on races, castes, origin, etc, should be eliminated completely. Thus, equity aims at diverting the attention of authorities towards the less privileged people of the nation (Braverman et al., 2003). As depicted by this definition, the requirement for medical health care depends upon the medical and social situation of an individual. In Australia, indigenous populati on is the one suffering from denial from health care services. They are generally linked with the economical, social, educational and cultural causes. The World Health Organisation has described inequity as follows,† Inequities are the differences or discriminations that are unjust, unfair, unnecessary and avoidable, but still persist in our society. It is not that every inequity is unfair, but yes all inequities are a result of unfair differences among the people. In the field of healthcare, just refers to the access permission for those who are not able to pay large sums of money, but are in desperate need of medical aid. Inequity should be prevented in granting access to medical aids for such cases depending upon the needs of various groups †. Gavin Mooney has defined equity as â€Å"equal access to equal care for equal need† (Mooney G., 2003). It was surveyed and found that the current health care facilities do not cater to the special needs of the indigenous people. There are many barriers to equity of access like the cost of care is very high, the fees of the consumer is again high, there is low health literacy among the people, poor access to health service information by the patients living in the remote areas, timely unavailability of the doctors, prevalence of quality services only in the posh parts of the country and lastly, the discrimination in giving the treatments. The last point itself explains the loopholes in the health care system. Some of the major reasons for such inequity are as follows: Most of the shopkeepers have closed their outlet in remote and poorer areas because there is decline in bulk billing. Patients who are willing to pay some extra amount are treated well while the rest are just ignored and left to die. Generally there are no hospitals in the remote areas. But even if some are there, they are too old that they need replacement/ Access to high technology treatments is doubtful in such areas and for such population. Richardson has shown the data statistics saying that the treatment of heart disease is thrice as common as in the insured patients. Also the provision of timely surgery is not applicable for public patients, as they have to wait in long queue and are treated once all the private patients have been taken care of. Better access to high quality services like that in dentistry and ancillary healthcare are offered to only those who either belong to the privately insured group or belong to a rich class. The Australians belonging to the White society are given the best possible treatment available in the world. While on the contrary, people belonging to the indigenous (Aboriginals and Torres Islander) population do not even have the facility to disclose their problem to a medical practitioner, leave apart getting the correct treatment. Australian Council of social Service (COSS) has implemented various strategies to overcome this gap by supporting the closing the gap priorities and promoting aboriginal health. EFFECTIVENESS Effectiveness can be defined as the measure of accuracy of a therapeutic method of treatment or success of the treatment when conducting the medical practice in remote location, or in the areas where sufficient funds or facilities are not available. Use of information technology in conjugation with high speed internet, is a ray of hope for managing patient’s records, health, finances, work force, advancements in medical field and delivery of services (Imran Muhammed et al., 2012). In this context, in order to introduce positive medical reforms, the government of Australia has implemented Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR) as the e health solution in this country. Earlier, the records of the patients were stored electronically in an electronic health recorder (EHR) system. Such systems were managed by a health care official and it helped a lot in maintaining records of so many people and also provided safety of personal information. But the major drawback of this system was that it was limited to the institutional access. If the family or any other person wanted to look after the patient, he/ she didn’t have any access to these records (Perlin, Kolodner, Rosswell, 2004). To avoid this problem a more patient centered model of health care system was developed (Perlin et al., 2004). This new model was termed as electronic personal health record (PHR) systems. An example of this new technology is Australia’s Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR). PCEHR was introduced in July, 2012. PCEHR had the function of keeping all the key components of the patient’s health information in one database, in form electronic records. Only registered users and their medical service providers had the access to all the records and summary of the treatments and their medical history. The main aim of developing this kind of electronic database was to help the medical practitioners to take better decisions with respect to t he treatments to be given to the patients (Les Schumer, 2013). PCEHR has some basic postulates like voluntary participation, providing access under consumer (or patient’s) control and a source of authentic information. PCEHR is not a substitution for clinical records. Instead depending upon the interest of the patients, they can register themselves online and choose a health care provider to create and maintain their records. People can now view their very own medical history ranging from the time, type and duration of medications, allergies and adverse reactions as well (Les Schumer, 2013). EFFCIENCY Efficiency, when defined in relation to the healthcare, is a relative term. It can be used to refer to technical as well as productive efficiency or even social efficiency. The extent to which effort, cost and time can be used for the desired task or purpose, is the efficiency. It is the final stage of a logical process which comprises of three steps starting from efficacy to effectiveness and finally efficiency. Australian government aims in maximizing the health care outputs produced from a set of standard input and improving the input quality. Conversely, the government is incorporating some measures to ensure that the health care inputs in terms of cost are minimized. As mentioned there are basically three types of efficiencies that are considered in Australian health care system (James F. Burgess, 2011). Technical efficiency: It is measured by production of outputs by utilizing fewer inputs. The potential inefficiencies prevailing in the system are long duration of stay, drugs a nd IV fluids that have expired and unused CPOE system. Productive efficiency: It is measured by production of outputs at minimized cost. Some of the potential inefficiencies faced by Australia are the Positron emission tomography (PET) scan vs. standard imaging for Alzheimer’s diagnosis, high discharge cost and high cost of care. Social efficiency: It is measured by making an individual cope with the current ailment without harming any other person. Again the system is filled with potential inefficiencies like use of cardiac defibrillator in low risk patients and wrong scope and scale in hospitals. Palmer and Torgerson reported that efficiency is the realtion between resource inputs ( which can be costs arising from labour input, capital investment and equipments) and either intermediate outputs (number of patients treated, waiting time, etc) or final health outcomes (lives saved, life years gained, quality adjusted life years (QALYs)) with an ideal target on the final health outcomes. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY Efficiency is not possible without efficacy and effectiveness because both describe the extent to which the goal can be reached (Stephen Leeder, 2003). Keeping in view the Healthcare system of Australia, it is evident that even though the government is trying to reinforce new reforms into the healthcare system every now and then, yet there is lack of equity of access. The aim of such reforms is to improve the healthcare system and help it emerge as the high quality system. For this it is essential to have effective and efficient functioning of the system. But this is not the case. As said before, the health of the people in a particular nation, determines the progress or economic status of the country. And the health of people is determined by how quickly the treatment facilities are available for the patients. The aboriginals and the Torres Islanders are unable to access the medical institutions because of the discrimination and their location (which is generally outside the main ci ty or it is a remote location). The average life span of indigenous Australians is between 10-17 years of age, which is quite lower as compared to that in the non indigenous populations. Also, the rate at which the new born babies die (in indigenous populations) is two times higher than the rate in non indigenous and they also experience frequent situations of illness as well. Thus, it is need of the hour to seal this gap between the two populations so that equal rights and equal opportunities are provided to both the classes of people, irrespective of their origin, race, tribe, etc. Thus, there is a deep connection between equity of access, effectiveness and efficiency. When all the populations, whether indigenous or non indigenous, have equal access to all the medical facilities, the ratio of healthy to ill will definitely rise and the statistics will improve. But this is only possible when the medical facilities are effectively organized and made available in the remote areas too . Further, the successful execution of all these agendas will determine the efficiency of the Health care system. Thus, all the three terms go hand in hand. Without one, the other two are meaningless. CURRENT SCENARIO Many clinicians and the analysts do not consider it appropriate to include economics (costs) inbetween the medical decisions as they consider this as unethical. But they are definitely mistaken as one of the main advantages of health economics is that everything is transparent and all the concepts of equity, effectiveness and efficiency are maintained. It has been reported that the richer countries use the public funds more in the field of healthcare as compared to those used by the underdeveloped countries (Stephen Leeder, 2003). Since the investment made in health care demonstrates a country’s economic strength and its democratic values, it is both desirable and essential for a government to invest in health care. Secondly, the salaries offered to the doctors or other medical officers are very less as compared to what actually should be offered. Moreover, the funds given to the health care systems are not enough to procure the most appropriate treatments and thus this causes problems. Also since the funds are not sufficient, proper medical instruments are also not available for the treatment of chronic disorders. For an instance, there is no provision of NSAIDs which have an anitinflammatory effect on the disease. According to the Canadian social commenter John Ralston Saul, the governments that believe in corporatism, rationalism and cost reduction, as a means to improve the efficiency, become the main reason for the failure of the publically funded health care facilities (Stephen Leeder, 2003). The second scenario prevalent in Australian democracy is that even though the governments provide enough funds for the health care institutions, yet they do not guarantee equity of access. The big private sectors are generally biased and divert all the contribution from the government towards the richer institutions. CONCLUSION In order to place equity on the agenda of the health care policies of the Australian government, it is important to generate awareness about what Medicare and other public agencies actually fund for healthcare. It is also necessary to take the initiative and make the government realize that the topmost priority of any healthcare system should be to provide equity of access, as only then can the policies or treatments be implemented effectively and efficiently. The Australian Bureau of statistics health insurance survey and AXA/ National Mutual Data for NSW (1998), Spencer quoted that around $300 million of the public funds were used for dental care and allied health professional services (Stephen Leeder, 2003). Since dental care is not a luxury, but treatment of chronic illness is, therefore, the basic dental services for all the Australians should be subsidized. Secondly, the salaries received by the doctors from the bulk billed vs. the non bulk billed patients, should be redressed. Third, (hypothetically) a new body say National Council for Equity in Healthcare should be formed, so that it is directly answerable to the Australian Parliament and aim at making the Australian Health care more equitable (Stephen Leeder, 2003). Therefore, as discussed, it is very important to reform the current medical practices so that there is efficiency in the functioning of the health care department of Australia.

Jourody Free Essay Importance of the Journey in Homers Odyssey :: Odyssey essays

Importance of the Journey in Homer's Odyssey In the Odyssey, by Homer, Odysseus's main goal was to reach home. Even though all of his thoughts were turned towards his home and family, he learned many lessons along the way. Odysseus's greatest learning experiences were in his journey, not his destination. One of Odysseus's biggest challenges was to resist temptation. The first temptation Odysseus and his men encountered was the sweet lotos plant, "They fell in, soon enough, with Lotos Eaters, who showed no will to do us harm, only offering the sweet Lotos to out friends..." (IX. 98-100). Eating the plant did not seem like a bad idea, but resisting was a much wiser option, ."..but those who ate this honeyed plant, the Lotos, never cared to report, nor return: they longed to stay forever, browsing on that native bloom, forgetful of their homeland" (IX. 101-104). If they had eaten the plant, they never would have gotten home. Another great temptation they had to withstand was the Seirênês. The Seirênês would tempt the men to them with their beauty and music, "Square in your ship's path are Seirênês, crying beauty to bewitch men coasting by..." (XII. 101-104). If men did not resist, they would fall into the Seirênês' clutches and die, "Woe to the innocent who hears that sound! He will not see his lady nor his children in joy, crowding about him, home from sea; the Seirênês will sing his mind away on their sweet meadow lolling..." (XII. 50-54). The biggest temptation that Odysseus had to defy was from the sea nymph, Kalypso, "I fed him, loved, him, sang that he should not die or grow old ever, in all the days to come" (V. 1420143). Kalypso wanted to have Odysseus as her husband, but all he could think of was home, "Meanwhile he lives and grieves upon that island in thralldom to the nymph; he cannot stir, cannot fare homeward..." (V. 15-17). Odysseus resisted, and was not completely unfaithful to his wife. If he had not resisted temptation, he would have been on the island of the Lotos Eaters, dead, or without a wife. Next, Odysseus learned that greed would never result in any good.